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This overview presents the various selective devices for the treatment of plasma (plasmapheresis) and blood cells (leukocyte apheresis). Prospective randomized trials were performed for the treatment of age\u2010related macular degeneration (Rheopheresis), sudden hearing loss (heparin\u2010induced lipoprotein precipitation [HELP]), rheumatoid arthritis (Prosorba), dilative cardiomyopathy (Ig\u2010Therasorb, Immunosorba), acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver failure (molecular adsorbent recirculating system [MARS]), and ulcerative colitis (Cellsorba). Prospective non\u2010randomized controlled trials were carried out treating hypercholesterolemia (Liposorber) and crossmatch\u2010positive recipients before kidney transplantation (Immunosorba). Uncontrolled studies were done for ABO\u2010incompatibility in living donor kidney transplantation (KT) (Glycosorb), acute humoral rejection after KT (Immunosorba) and acute liver failure (Prometheus). According to the 2002 International Apheresis Registry covering 11428 sessions in 811 patients, 79% of the patients showed an improvement of their condition by apheresis and only a few sessions were fraught with adverse effects (AE). The major AE were blood access difficulties (3.1%) and hypotension (1.6%). 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