{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T05:02:21Z","timestamp":1754110941369},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]],"date-time":"2009-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ther Apher Dial"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Granulocyte dysfunction is a central component of immunodeficiency in septic patients. Granulocyte transfusions appear to be pathophysiologically useful; however, they cause unwanted side\u2010effects in the lungs and other organs. This study evaluates the safety of an extracorporeal immune support system with granulocytic cells in a rat model of Gram\u2010negative sepsis. Three groups of male CD rats received either saline (control group, I), a dose of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> O7:K1 lethal to 90% of the animals (LD90) (septic group, II), or an LD90 dose of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> that was incubated with the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL\u201060) (differentiated into the granulocytic direction) for 20\u2003min prior to infusion (second septic group, III). The animals were observed for seven days. Pre\u2010treatment with HL\u201060 cells resulted in no adverse effects in the group III animals. Significantly lower bacterial counts and endotoxin levels in the plasma were detected after 24\u2003h as compared to group II (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Group III animals had better weight gain and more stable hemodynamics than group II animals (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). Seven day survival was 0\/8 in group II, 6\/8 in group III, and 8\/9 in group I (log\u2013rank test: II\u2013III: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001). The data suggest that extracorporeal use of granulocytes allows the therapeutic use of these cells while avoiding unwanted effects resulting from direct contact to internal organs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2009.00764.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]],"date-time":"2009-09-29T04:26:38Z","timestamp":1254198398000},"page":"444-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Safety Evaluation for a Cell\u2010based Immune Support System in an Ex Vivo Rat Model of Gram\u2010negative Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Sauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Altrichter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010J\u00fcrgen","family":"Kreutzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidrun","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"N\u00f6ldge\u2010Schomburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen 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