{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:42:38Z","timestamp":1785832958202,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]],"date-time":"2012-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Groundwater"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    It is important to understand the link between land surface\/soil properties and shallow groundwater quality. To that end, soil properties and near\u2010water\u2010table groundwater chemistry of a shallow, unconfined aquifer were measured on a 100\u2010m grid on a 64\u2010ha irrigated field in southeastern North Dakota. Soil properties and hydrochemistry were compared via multivariate analysis that included product\u2010moment correlations and factor analysis\/principal component analysis. Topographic low areas where the water table was in close proximity to the soil surface generally had higher apparent electrical conductivity (EC\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and higher percent silt and clay than higher positions on the landscape. The majority of the groundwater was characterized by Ca\u2010 and Mg\u2010HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    type water and was associated with topographic high areas with lower EC\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    and net groundwater recharge. Small topographic depressions were areas of higher EC\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    (net groundwater discharge) where salts that precipitated via evapotranspiration and evaporative discharge dissolved and leached to the groundwater during short\u2010term depression\u2010focused recharge events. At this site, groundwater quality and soil EC\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    were related to surface topography. High\u2010resolution topography and EC\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    measurements are necessary to characterize the land surface\/soil properties and surficial groundwater quality at the field\u2010scale and to delineate areas where the shallow groundwater is most susceptible to contamination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2012.00981.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]],"date-time":"2012-08-22T10:29:10Z","timestamp":1345631350000},"page":"373-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Field\u2010Scale Relationships Among Soil Properties and Shallow Groundwater Quality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Nathan E.","family":"Derby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott F.","family":"Korom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis X.M.","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1979.03615995004300040025x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Soil Chemistry","author":"Bohn H.L.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2002.3000a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology","author":"Davis J.C.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronmonogr9.1.c43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-002-0208-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Derby N.E.1997. Depression\u2010focused recharge and solute transport to a shallow aquifer in southeastern North Dakota Soil Science North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2001.301194x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2007.0145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Principal Component Analysis","author":"Jolliffe I.T.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/TR037i003p00297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(88)90031-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1986.03615995005000040047x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"Klapperich R.J.S.2008. Electron donor potential of eastern North Dakota shale formations University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"Knighton R.E.1997. Nitrate stratification in sand plain groundwater systems under irrigation\u2010Final Report. North Dakota State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/92WR00252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91WR02329"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"Korom S.F. andJ.C.Seaman.2012. When \u201cconservative\u201d anionic tracers aren't.Ground Water. DOI: 10.1111\/J.1745\u20106584.2012.00950x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2012.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2005.0003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"Langley R.B.1998. 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