{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T17:54:58Z","timestamp":1793987698380,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]],"date-time":"2012-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>White matter lesions (WML) and lacunar infarcts (LI) are believed to have microvascular etiologies but the exact microvascular changes occurring in each is unclear. Aim Using the retina as a proxy, we assessed retinal microvascular changes in WML and LI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively recruited 1211 acute stroke patients. Four subgroups were identified from neuroimaging: WML alone, LI alone, both WML and LI, neither WML nor LI. Masked retinal photographs identified retinopathy and retinal arteriolar wall signs and measured retinal vascular caliber.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with 448 controls with neither WML nor LI, 384 patients with only WML were more likely to have retinopathy [odds ratio (OR) 1\u00b75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1\u00b71 to 2\u00b71] and enhanced arteriolar light reflex (OR 1\u00b76, 95% CI 1\u00b71 to 2\u00b73); 200 patients with only LI were more likely to have arteriolar narrowing (OR 1\u00b76, 95% CI 1\u00b71 to 2\u00b73) and enhanced arteriolar light reflex (OR 1\u00b76, 95% CI 1\u00b70 to 2\u00b74); and 179 patients with both WML and LI were more likely to have arteriovenous nicking (OR 1\u00b77, 95% CI 1\u00b71 to 2\u00b76), enhanced arteriolar light reflex (OR 2\u00b70, 95% CI 1\u00b73 to 3\u00b72) and wider venules (OR 2\u00b73, 95% CI 1\u00b74 to 3\u00b76). All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, study site and cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both WML and LI were associated with retinal microvascular signs, supporting a microvascular etiology. Differing patterns of association suggest different mechanisms may predominate, e.g. greater endothelial permeability in WML, and ischemia associated with arteriolar wall disease in LI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]],"date-time":"2012-09-18T20:59:16Z","timestamp":1348001956000},"page":"921-925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Differing Associations of White Matter Lesions and Lacunar Infarction with Retinal Microvascular Signs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gerald","family":"Liew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deidre A.","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Cheong","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Council, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Rochtchina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard I.","family":"Lindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School \u2013 Westmead, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna M.","family":"Wardlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SINAPSE Collaboration, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme J.","family":"Hankey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Received: 29 December 2011; Accepted 9 February 2012; Published online 18 September 2012"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Multi-Centre Retinal Stroke Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.039982"},{"key":"bibr2-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.1.67"},{"key":"bibr3-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.108.784876"},{"key":"bibr4-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.153460"},{"key":"bibr5-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2008.00215.x"},{"key":"bibr6-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70131-0"},{"key":"bibr7-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.569764"},{"key":"bibr8-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35"},{"key":"bibr9-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.12.1874"},{"key":"bibr10-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.529388"},{"key":"bibr11-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a60a71"},{"key":"bibr12-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032865"},{"key":"bibr13-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21549"},{"key":"bibr14-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.015"},{"key":"bibr15-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/106.2.419"},{"key":"bibr16-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.09.063"},{"key":"bibr17-j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.11.2222"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:45:35Z","timestamp":1777610735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00865.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1747-4930","1747-4949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1747-4930","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-4949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]]}}}