{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:57:12Z","timestamp":1791194232325,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"SA100","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,13]],"date-time":"2012-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a paucity of data on patients with stroke\/transient ischaemic attack in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to describe the characteristics and management of patients with an ischaemic stroke and recent transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic strokes in low- or middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular disease registry is an international, prospective study. Patients \u226545 years who required secondary prevention of stroke (either following an acute transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale &lt;4) of &lt;24 h duration, or recent (&lt;6 months), stable, first-ever, non-disabling ischaemic stroke) were enrolled in 17 countries in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa. The main measures of interest were risk factors, comorbidities, and socio-economic variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between January 2007 and December 2008, 3635 patients were enrolled in Latin America ( n =1543), the Middle East ( n =1041), North Africa ( n = 834), and South Africa ( n = 217). Of these, 63% had a stable, first-ever ischaemic stroke (median delay from symptom onset to inclusion, 25 days interquartile range, 7\u201377); 37% had an acute transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke (median delay, two-days; interquartile range, 0\u20136). Prevalence of diabetes was 46% in the Middle East, 29% in Latin America, 35% in South Africa, and 38% in North Africa; 72% had abdominal obesity (range, 65\u201378%; adjusted P &lt; 0\u00b7001); prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 78% (range, 72\u201384%, P &lt; 0\u00b7001). Abnormal ankle brachial index (&lt;0\u00b79) was present in 22%, peripheral artery disease in 7\u00b76%, and coronary artery disease in 13%. Overall, 24% of patients had no health insurance and 27% had a low educational level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, patients in low- and middle-income countries had a high burden of modifiable risk factors. High rates of low educational level and lack of health insurance in certain regions are potential obstacles to risk factor control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular disease registry is supported by Sanofi-Aventis, Paris, France.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00893.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,14]],"date-time":"2012-09-14T21:16:17Z","timestamp":1347657377000},"page":"4-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Demographics, Socio-Economic Characteristics, and Risk Factor Prevalence in Patients with Non-Cardioembolic Ischaemic Stroke in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The OPTIC Registry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Halim","family":"Abboud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotel Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Labreuche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U-698 and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Arauz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurology, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Bryer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo G","family":"Lavados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayrton","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologia, S\u00e3o Paolo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Munoz","family":"Collazos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologia, Clinica de Marly, Bogota, DC, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe Gabriel","family":"Steg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U-698 and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassem I","family":"Yamout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Vicaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Fernand Widal Hospital, Paris-Diderot University \u2013 Paris VII, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Amarenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U-698 and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the OPTIC Registry 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