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Our aim was therefore to investigate expression of those genes implicated in the regulation of oxidative fibre phenotypes in humans.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction we determined mRNA expression of selected genes in skeletal muscle from three different groups, displaying physiological and pathological variations in muscle fibre type, activity and skeletal muscle metabolism respectively: (i) elite athletes (cyclists), with an increased proportion of type I slow twitch, oxidative fibres, (ii) normally active subjects with an average fibre type distribution, and (iii) spinal cord\u2010injured subjects with a low proportion of type I fibres.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of calcineurin A<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and A<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor (PPAR)\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and \u2010<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>, and PPAR gamma coactivator (PGC)\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and \u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> was determined. Calcineurin A<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and calcineurin A<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression was similar between groups. In contrast, mRNA expression of PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>, PGC\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and \u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> was increased in athletes, when compared with normally active subjects. Furthermore, mRNA expression of PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>, PGC\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and \u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> was reduced in spinal cord\u2010injured subjects. Additionally, PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic> and PGC\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> correlated with oxidative fibre content.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>, PGC\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and \u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> reflects differences in type I muscle fibres associated with pathologically and physiologically induced skeletal muscle fibre type differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01620.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,20]],"date-time":"2006-10-20T10:55:39Z","timestamp":1161341739000},"page":"207-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Human skeletal muscle fibre type variations correlate with PPAR<i>\u03b1<\/i>, PPAR<i>\u03b4<\/i> and PGC\u20101<i>\u03b1<\/i> mRNA"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"D. 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