{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T09:57:28Z","timestamp":1715594248256},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,25]],"date-time":"2007-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We investigated how the brain renin\u2013angiotensin system is involved in regulation of the sympathetic activity and arterial pressure in rats with chronic renal failure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Systolic arterial pressure, heart rate and diurnal urinary noradrenaline excretion were measured for 12\u2003weeks in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with or without subtotal nephrectomy. Expression of mRNAs related to the brain renin\u2013angiotensin system was measured using polymerase chain reaction. Effects of a 6\u2010day intracerebroventricular infusion of a type 1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist (candesartan) or bilateral dorsal rhizotomy on these variables were also investigated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Systolic arterial pressure and urinary excretion of noradrenaline were consistently higher in subtotally nephrectomized SHR than in sham\u2010operated SHR (262\u2003\u00b1\u20035 vs. 220\u2003\u00b1\u20033\u2003mmHg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001; 2.71\u2003\u00b1\u20030.22 vs. 1.69\u2003\u00b10.19\u2003ng\u2003g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> body weight\u2003day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001). Expression of renin, angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme and type 1 angiotensin II receptor mRNAs in the hypothalamus and lower brainstem was greater in subtotally nephrectomized SHR than in sham\u2010operated SHR. Continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of candesartan attenuated hypertension and the increase in urinary noradrenaline excretion in subtotally nephrectomized SHR. Dorsal rhizotomy decreased arterial pressure, urinary excretion of noradrenaline and expression of renin\u2013angiotensin system\u2010related mRNAs in brains of subtotally nephrectomized SHR.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The brain renin\u2013angiotensin system in subtotally nephrectomized SHR appears to be activated via afferent nerves from the remnant kidney, resulting in sympathetic overactivity and hypertension in this chronic renal failure model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01663.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,25]],"date-time":"2007-01-25T17:27:32Z","timestamp":1169746052000},"page":"369-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Upregulation of the brain renin\u2013angiotensin system in rats with chronic renal failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1553","volume-title":"Hypertension; 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