{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T18:58:22Z","timestamp":1762541902803},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]],"date-time":"2010-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The upper gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is exposed to endogenous and exogenous chemicals, including gastric acid, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and nutrients. Mucosal chemical sensors are necessary to exert physiological responses such as secretion, digestion, absorption and motility. We propose the mucosal chemosensing system by which luminal chemicals are sensed to trigger mucosal defence mechanisms via mucosal acid sensors and taste receptors. Luminal acid\/CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is sensed via ecto\u2010 and cytosolic carbonic anhydrases and ion transporters in the epithelial cells and via acid sensors on the afferent nerves in the duodenum and the oesophagus. Gastric acid sensing is differentially mediated via endocrine cell acid sensors and afferent nerves. Furthermore, a luminal <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010glutamate signal is mediated via epithelial <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010glutamate receptors, including metabotropic glutamate receptors and taste receptor 1 family heterodimers, with activation of afferent nerves and cyclooxygenase, whereas luminal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> is differently sensed via the calcium\u2010sensing receptor in the duodenum. These luminal chemosensors help to activate mucosal defence mechanisms in order to maintain the mucosal integrity and physiological responses of the upper GI tract. Stimulation of luminal chemosensing in the upper GI mucosa may prevent mucosal injury, affect nutrient metabolism and modulate sensory nerve activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02149.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]],"date-time":"2010-05-27T06:51:02Z","timestamp":1274943062000},"page":"77-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Luminal chemosensing in the duodenal mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Akiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Kaunitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107335"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27462U"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200112218"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03326432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00313.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.144378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90605.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00102.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1993.73.4.823"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.210.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00170.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00237.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.2.G285"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Treatments of peptic ulcer","volume":"67","author":"Baron J.H.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjl034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00147.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.23246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00096.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0637-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174601"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1998.274.1.G122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/72053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00149.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0330302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"G493","article-title":"Liver extract and its free amino acids equally stimulate gastric acid secretion","volume":"239","author":"Feldman E.J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"G348","article-title":"Surface epithelial HCO3\n                  \u2212 transport by mammalian duodenum in vivo","volume":"243","author":"Flemstr\u00f6m G.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"G100","article-title":"Gastric and duodenal HCO3\n                  \u2212 transport in vitro: effects of hormones and local transmitters","volume":"242","author":"Flemstr\u00f6m G.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90636.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI100021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26362"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70597-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","first-page":"G505","article-title":"Gastric mucosal hyperemia due to acid backdiffusion depends on splanchnic nerve activity","volume":"262","author":"Holzer P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706890104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.51.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Acid\u2010sensing protective mechanisms of duodenum","volume":"54","author":"Kaunitz J.D.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.55.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2008.00863.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91194-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35093032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.130906"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.159616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90376-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/77.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706678104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.107581"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.172270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012088394-3\/50053-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(10)61857-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature726"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404520200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.277.4.G751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00073.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365516509077055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(69)80038-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","first-page":"BR349","article-title":"Stimulation by sparkling water of gastroduodenal HCO3\n                  \u2212 secretion in rats","volume":"15","author":"Sasaki Y.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.20.444"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901488106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","first-page":"G527","article-title":"Mechanism for high PCO2 in gastric juice: roles of bicarbonate secretion and CO2 diffusion","volume":"253","author":"Stevens M.H.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in the rat duodenal epithelium","volume":"40","author":"Sugai N.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fukushima J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","first-page":"BR157","article-title":"Gastric hyperemic response induced by acid back\u2010diffusion in rat stomachs following barrier disruption \u2013 relation to vanilloid type\u20101 receptors","volume":"8","author":"Tashima K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-003-0740-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1997.273.1.E77"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00587.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(10)61862-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042617699"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00844-4"}],"container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1748-1716.2010.02149.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02149.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T23:41:25Z","timestamp":1694648485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02149.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,9]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02149.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02149.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-1708","1748-1716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-1708","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-1716","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,9]]}}}