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Mode of action and rational usage in immune\u2010mediated disease in the dog are discussed for the following drugs: glucocorticoids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, human intravenous immunoglobulin, vincristine, danazol, leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil and liposome\u2010encapsulated clodronate. Disease mechanisms are discussed and published evidence for drug efficacy is scrutinised for five important immune\u2010mediated diseases: immune\u2010mediated haemolytic anaemia, immune\u2010mediated thrombocytopenia, myasthenia gravis, glomerulonephritis and inflammatory bowel disease. 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