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Previous studies suggest that children and adolescents with TS may undergo compensatory, neuroplastic changes in brain structure and function that help them gain control over their tics. In the current study we used single\u2010pulse and dual\u2010site paired\u2010pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in conjunction with a manual choice reaction time task that induces high levels of inter\u2010manual conflict, to investigate this conjecture in a group of children and adolescents with TS, but without co\u2010morbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We found that performance on the behavioural response\u2010conflict task did not differ between the adolescents with TS and a group of age\u2010matched typically developing individuals. By contrast, our study demonstrated that cortical excitability, as measured by TMS\u2010induced motor\u2010evoked potentials (MEPs), was significantly reduced in the TS group in the period immediately preceding a finger movement. This effect is interpreted as consistent with previous suggestions that the cortical hyper\u2010excitability that may give rise to tics in TS is actively suppressed by cognitive control mechanisms. Finally, we found no reliable evidence for altered patterns of functional inter\u2010hemispheric connectivity in TS. These results provide evidence for compensatory brain reorganization that may underlie the increased self\u2010regulation mechanisms that have been hypothesized to bring about the control of tics during adolescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-6653.2012.02033.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,16]],"date-time":"2012-07-16T12:07:05Z","timestamp":1342440425000},"page":"29-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Motor excitability is reduced prior to voluntary movements in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Stephen 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