{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:46:08Z","timestamp":1770749168496,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3288,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Law. Med. Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In an explicit attempt to reduce physician paternalism and encourage patient participation in making health care decisions, the informed consent doctrine has become a foundational precept in medical ethics and health law. The underlying ethical principle on which informed consent rests \u2014 autonomy \u2014 embodies the idea that as rational moral agents, patients should be in command of decisions that relate to <jats:italic>their<\/jats:italic> bodies and lives. The corollary obligation of physicians  to respect and facilitate patient autonomy  is reflected in the rules that have been created to implement consent procedures, especially those requiring disclosure of relevant information.<\/jats:p><jats:p>However, there are many practical impediments to patient self-determination in health care decisionmaking. Well-meaning physicians often lack the time to live up to the ideal of facilitating genuine, informed deliberation with and by their patients, and many lack the motivation or skill to do so successfully.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720x.2012.00669.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T12:25:56Z","timestamp":1444739156000},"page":"359-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Personalized Disclosure by Information-on-Demand: Attending to Patients' Needs in the Informed Consent Process"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Gil","family":"Siegal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Bonnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Appelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(85)90239-4"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480907500406"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020577030697"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-28-2-3-387"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib23","unstructured":"23 A federal judge recently struck down a key provision of Texas' new law requiring doctors to show pregnant women images from the sonogram and to play the sounds of the fetal heartbeat before an abortion, ruling that the measure violates the free speech rights of both doctors and patients. See Associated Press, \u201cTexas: Judge Halts and Abortion Requirement,\u201d New York Times, available at <http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/08\/31\/us\/31brfs-JUDGEHALTSAN_BRF.html?_r=1&ref=health> (last visited March 8, 2012)."},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib2","first-page":"687","article-title":"\u201cThe Therapeutic Placebo: The Case for Patient Deception,\u201d","volume":"54","author":"Boozang","year":"1972","journal-title":"Florida Law Review"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2008.09.020"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib14","unstructured":"14 For example, Wilson-Toby v. Bushkin, 72 A.D. 3d 810, 898 N.Y.S.2d 633 (2010). (Although consent forms advised the plaintif generally that cosmetic breast surgery would result in permanent scarring, the court ruled that \u201cconsent forms signed by the plaintif \u2018do not establish, as a matter of law, that the scarring that the plaintif actually experienced as a result of the procedure was, in its nature and in its extent, consistent with the type of scarring that, prior to the procedure, the plaintif had been told to consider as being among the reasonably foreseeable risks of the proposed procedure, or that a reasonable, fully informed person in the plaintif's position would have undergone the procedure despite the existence of such risk.\u2019\u201d [citation omitted])."},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb0800674"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib28","unstructured":"28 See Hall, , supra note 25: \u201c\u2026 at the same time that the IC process appears to empower patient participation, it may over-whelm some patients with more information than they want. Fully 85% of patients arrived in the clinic wanting to know as many details as possible about their health status, but after the clinic visit, only 25% continued to report this preference. At the same time, the proportion of patients preferring as few details as possible increased from 0% to 36%. These preliminary findings may warrant reconsidering the amount of detail disclosed in the iMed documents and the IC process.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540310051034"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.11.1037"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80001-0"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7455683"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2006.00048.x"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.984"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39003.640567.AE"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib4","volume-title":"\u201cThe Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy,\u201d","author":"Kutner","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.896"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198205273062103"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp074045"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.31.s1.7"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-5-201009070-00005"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/797066"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c5370"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195126778.003.0023"},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.26.3.716"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S1073110500015448_bib25.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25 Hall, D .E. Hanusa, B. H. Switzer, G. E. Fine, M. J. Arnold, R. M. , \"The Impact of iMedConsent on Patient Decision-Making Regarding Cholecystectomy and Inguinal Herniorrhaphy,\" Journal of Surgical Research (2011), available at <http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0022480411004331> (last visited April 2, 2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.056"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S1073110500015448_bib25.2","unstructured":"Franklin, D. , \"Uninformed Consent: Tech Solutions for Faulty Permissions in Health Care,\" Scientific American, March 15, 2011, available at <http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article.cfm?id=uninformed-consent-mar-11> (last visited March 8, 2012)."},{"key":"S1073110500015448_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009885880603200401"}],"container-title":["Journal of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1748-720X.2012.00669.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2012.00669.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1073110500015448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T19:24:58Z","timestamp":1610652298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1073110500015448\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"alternative-id":["S1073110500015448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-720x.2012.00669.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-1105","1748-720X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-720X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}