{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:56:36Z","timestamp":1785365796142,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integrative Zoology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fertility control has been identified by studies in the laboratory and the field as a more appropriate and long\u2010term control strategy for rodent pests than lethal control. In this study, we investigated the effects of quinestrol on mass of reproductive organs and on social behaviors in female and male Himalayan field rats (<jats:italic>Rattus nitidus<\/jats:italic>). A total of 16 adult females and 16 adult males were randomly assigned to 4 groups. One male and one female group were fed rice with 0.005% quinestrol by weight for 7 days, and another 2 groups were fed rice only. After 7 days, rats were assigned to 10 min dyadic encounters between groups, and investigation, aggression, defense and attack latency were quantified. All animals were killed on day 10, and reproductive organs were dissected and weighed. Dyadic encounter data showed that there were obvious changes in social behaviors of quinestrol\u2010treated rats. Quinestrol significantly inhibited the investigative behavior of quinestrol\u2010treated males toward control females in <jats:italic>Rattus nitidus<\/jats:italic>, but seldom affected investigation between control males and quinestrol\u2010treated females. Aggression of control females toward quinestrol\u2010treated males was higher than that of quinestrol\u2010treated females, and defense of quinestrol\u2010treated males toward control females was more remarkable than that of control males. Quinestrol remarkably decreased wet masses of epididymis and spermotophore in males and ovaries in females, but had no effect on wet masses of testes and uteri after quinestrol treatment. These results indicate that the anti\u2010fertility effects of quinestrol on <jats:italic>R. nitidus<\/jats:italic> are attributed to not only suppressing reproductive organs but also impacting social behaviors associated with territory defense and mate choice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2012.00296.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T22:46:34Z","timestamp":1351723594000},"page":"9-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Fertility control of <i>Rattus nitidus<\/i> using quinestrol: effects on reproductive organs and social behavior"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Quansheng","family":"LIU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"QIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deng","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dazhao","family":"SHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"The Rat: A Study of Behavior","author":"Barnett SA","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01923336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"BrownJL(1975).The Evolution of Behavior.W. W. Norton and Co. Inc. New York ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR9920623"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR98093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Immunocontraception as a potential control method of wild rodent populations","volume":"127","author":"Chambers LK","year":"1997","journal-title":"Belgian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025766415159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Fertility control in coyotes: is it a potential management tool?","author":"De Liberto TJ","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Wildlife fertility control","volume":"02","author":"Fagerstone KA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wildlife Society Technical Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2001.1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-010-0330-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"A preliminary study on the anti\u2010fertility effect of 2 sterilants to clawed jirds (Meriones unguiculatus)","volume":"14","author":"Huo XF","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Agrestia Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"A preliminary study on the control effect of a sterilant on the population of clawed gerbil","volume":"32","author":"Liang HC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Protection"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"The resistance of Rattus flavipectus and R. norvegicus to anticoagulant rodenticide in Zhanjiang","volume":"16","author":"Liang L","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.040360"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Anti\u2010fertility effect of quinestrol in male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and its reversibility","volume":"31","author":"Shen W","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Theriologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2002.00716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(98)00034-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"301","volume-title":"The prospects and associated challenges for the biological control of rodents","author":"Singleton GR","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2004.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"392","article-title":"Effect of the contraceptive compound (EP\u20101) on reproduction of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus campbelli) in the typical steppe","volume":"26","author":"Wan XR","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Theiologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2008.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Animal Social Behavior","author":"Wittenberger JF","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Resistance study of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus to warfarin in Wuhan","volume":"13","author":"Wu TP","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides & Equipments"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Population ecology of Rattus nitidus in the western Sichuan plain III. Reproduction","volume":"19","author":"Zeng ZY","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Theriologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Animal mating systems","volume":"38","author":"Zhang JJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00506-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(00)00308-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Effect of a contraceptive compound (EP\u20101) on fertility of female Brandt's voles, gray hamsters and mid\u2010day gerbils","volume":"50","author":"Zhang ZB","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Zoologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Effects of a contraceptive compound on reproduction of greater long\u2010tailed hamsters (Tscherskia triton) in experimental enclosures","volume":"25","author":"Zhang ZB","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Theriologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"300","article-title":"Effects of a contraceptive compound (EP\u20101) on reproductive organs of male greater longtailed hamsters (Tscherskia triton)","volume":"26","author":"Zhang ZB","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Theriologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2007.00059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Study on the resistance of Rattus flavipectus and Rattus norvegicus to Warfarin in Suixi of Guangdong province","volume":"20","author":"Zhu ZF","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endemic Diseases Bulletin"}],"container-title":["Integrative Zoology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1749-4877.2012.00296.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2012.00296.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T22:46:33Z","timestamp":1695768393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2012.00296.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2012.00296.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2012.00296.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4877","1749-4877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4877","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-10-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}