{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T18:46:03Z","timestamp":1743792363420},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,25]],"date-time":"2006-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1881,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>: <\/jats:bold> Theileriosis caused by <jats:italic>Theileria annulata<\/jats:italic> can be effectively prevented by vaccination with attenuated, cultured schizonts. Although these attenuated vaccines have been applied for a long time, not much is known about the fate of the vaccie strain in the field. Here, two experimental Spanish vaccine strains originating in C\u00e1diz and C\u00e1ceres, and one Sudanese strain are studied to address the development of a carrier status and the infectivity for <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic> ticks. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the merozoite surface protein, Tams1, was analyzed in search for an attenuation marker. Using the sensitive reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization, the development of a low level carrier status was demonstrated in the C\u00e1ceres and Sudanese line vaccinated calves. Although no signal was detected in the C\u00e1diz line vaccinated calves, seroconversion against the schizont stage was observed, as it was in all other calves. The experimental transmission of T. <jats:italic>annulata<\/jats:italic> by <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic> ticks to na\u00efve calves was unsuccessful for all cell line inoculated calves. Tams1 heterogeneity indicated a clonal selection of parasites during the process of attenuation, but the Tams1 sequence itself has no connection with the attenuation status. In conclusion, a carrier status develops in attenuated schizont culture vaccinated calves, but is not infective for <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic> ticks. Based on these data, the risk for spread of the vaccine strains in the field may be very low.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05331.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,20]],"date-time":"2010-07-20T19:11:05Z","timestamp":1279653065000},"page":"521-532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterization of Attenuated <i>Theileria<\/i> annulata Vaccines from Spain and the Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"916","author":[{"given":"MARC\u2010JAN","family":"GUBBELS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JAVIER","family":"VISERAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MIGUEL A.","family":"HABELA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FRANS","family":"JONGEJAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uilenberg G. 1981. Theileria infections other than East Coast fever.InDiseases of Cattle in the Tropics. M. Ristic & I. McIntyre Eds.: 411\u2010427. Martinus Nijhof The Hague The Netherlands.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-6895-1_33"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Control of tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection) of cattle","volume":"32","author":"Brown C.G.D.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Parasitologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","unstructured":"Pipano E. 1989. Vaccination againstTheileria annulatatheileriosis.InVeterinary Protozoan and Hemoparasite Vaccines. I.G. Wright Ed.: 203\u2010243. CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton Florida."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(96)01127-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1998052193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"397","article-title":"Field trial of immunization with an experimental vaccine against Mediterranean theileriosis in Spain","volume":"28","author":"Viseras J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1782-1789.1999","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of bovine Theileria and Babesia species using reverse line blot hybridization","volume":"37","author":"Gubbels J.M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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