{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:22:05Z","timestamp":1791519725858,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,25]],"date-time":"2006-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2216,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>: <\/jats:bold> Various medical conditions that involve activation of the immune system are associated with psychological and neuroendocrine changes that resemble the characteristics of depression. In this review we present our recent studies, designed to investigate the relationship between the behavioral effects of immune activation and depressive symptomatology. In the first set of experiments, we used a double\u2010blind prospective design to investigate the psychological consequences of illness in two models: (1) vaccination of teenage girls with live attenuated rubella virus, and (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in healthy male volunteers. In the rubella study, we demonstrated that, compared to control group subjects and to their own baseline, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals (girls from low socioeconomic status) showed a significant virus\u2010induced increase in depressed mood up to 10 weeks after vaccination. In an ongoing study on the effects of LPS, we demonstrated significant LPS\u2010induced elevation in the levels of depression and anxiety as well as memory deficits. These psychological effects were highly correlated with the levels of LPS\u2010induced cytokine secretion. In parallel experiments, we demonstrated in rodents that immune activation with various acute and chronic immune challenges induces a depressive\u2010like syndrome, characterized by anhedonia, anorexia, body weight loss, and reduced locomotor, exploratory, and social behavior. Chronic treatment with antidepressants (imipramine or fluoxetine) attenuated many of the behavioral effects of LPS, as well as LPS\u2010induced changes in body temperature, adrenocortical activation, hypothalamic serotonin release, and the expression of splenic TNF\u2010\u03b1 mRNA. Taken together, these findings suggest that cytokines are involved in the etiology and symptomatology of illness\u2010associated depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05412.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,20]],"date-time":"2010-07-20T17:49:26Z","timestamp":1279648166000},"page":"478-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Illness, Cytokines, and Depression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"917","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"YIRMIYA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"POLLAK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"MORAG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"REICHENBERG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"BARAK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"AVITSUR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"SHAVIT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"OVADIA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"WEIDENFELD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"MORAG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"NEWMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"POLLM\u00c4CHER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Depression and chronic medical illness","volume":"51","author":"Katon W.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"1994. DSM\u2010IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edit. American Psychiatric Association. Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-199711000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.105.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dantzer R. A. Aubertet al.1999. Mechanisms of the effects of cytokines.InCytokines Stress and Depression. R. Dantzer E.E. Wollman & R. Yirmiya Eds.: 83\u2010106. Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers. New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/b102345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","unstructured":"Yirmiya R. J. Weidenfeldet al.1999. Cytokines \u201cdepression due to a general medical condition \u201d and antidepressant drugs.InCytokines Stress and Depression. R. Dantzer E.E. Wollman & R. Yirmiya Eds.: 283\u2010316. Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers. New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(95)00054-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700001896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449208403184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(95)02112-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798007740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00012-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyers C.A. 1999. Mood and cognitive disorders in cancer patients receiving cytokine therapy.InCytokines Stress and Depression. R. Dantzer E.E. Wollman & R. Yirmiya Eds.: 75\u201082. Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers. New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-585-37970-8_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1996.0023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(99)00257-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anisman H. & Z. Merali. 1999. Anhedonic and anxiogenic effects of cytokine exposure.InCytokines Stress and Depression. R. Dantzer E.E. Wollman & R. Yirmiya Eds.: 199\u2010233. Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers. New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-585-37970-8_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some psychophysiological studies of motivation and of the behavioral effects of illness","volume":"17","author":"Miller N.E.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bull. Br. Psychiatr. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01114-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199812010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00053-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01415-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(96)00190-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1995.1021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00165-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","first-page":"760","article-title":"Fluoxetine treatment of depression caused by interferon\u2010alpha","volume":"88","author":"Levenson J.L.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit IL\u2010 6, IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 release in human blood monocytes and IL\u20102 and interferon\u2010\u03b3 in T\u2010cells","volume":"34","author":"Xia Z.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(98)00088-8"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2000.tb05412.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05412.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T12:57:19Z","timestamp":1695646639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05412.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05412.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05412.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}}}