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Fibrinogen is shown to have a trinodular structure; that is, one central nodule, the E domain, and two identical outer nodules, the D\u2010domains, linked by two coiled\u2010coil regions. After activation with thrombin, a pair of binding sites comprising Gly\u2010Pro\u2010Arg is exposed in the central nodule and combines with its complementary binding site <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic> in the outer nodule of another molecules. By using crystallographic analysis, the \u03b1\u2010amino group of \u03b1Gly\u20101 is shown to be juxtaposed between \u03b3Asp\u2010364 and \u03b3Asp\u2010330, and the guanidino group of \u03b1Arg\u20103 between the carboxyl group of \u03b3Asp\u2010364 and \u03b3Gln\u2010329 in the <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic> site. Half molecule\u2010staggered, double\u2010stranded protofibrils are thus formed. Upon abutment of two adjacent D domains on the same strand, D\u2010D self association takes place involving Arg\u2010275, Tyr\u2010280, and Ser\u2010300 of the \u03b3\u2010chain on the surface of the abutting two D domains. Thereafter, carboxyl\u2010terminal regions of the \u03b1\u2010chains are untethered and interact with those of other protofibrils leading to the formation of thick fibrin bundles and networks. Although many enigmas still remain concerning the exact mechanisms of these molecular interactions, fibrin assembly proceeds in a highly ordered fashion. In this review, these molecular interactions of fibrinogen and fibrin are discussed on the basis of the data provided by hereditary dysfibrinogens on introducing representative molecules at each step of fibrin clot formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03494.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,20]],"date-time":"2010-07-20T21:06:54Z","timestamp":1279660014000},"page":"65-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Hereditary Disorders of Fibrinogen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"936","author":[{"given":"MICHIO","family":"MATSUDA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TERUKO","family":"SUGO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"Doolittle R.F. H. Bouma III B.A. Cottrell et al.1979. 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