{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T23:50:02Z","timestamp":1789861802633,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,24]],"date-time":"2006-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1394,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specific nitrones have been used for more than 30 years in analytical chemistry and biochemistry to trap and stabilize free radicals for the purpose of their identification and characterization. PBN (\u03b1\u2010phenyl\u2010<jats:italic>tert<\/jats:italic>\u2010butyl nitrone), one of the more widely used nitrones for this purpose, has been shown to have potent pharmacologic activities in models of a number of aging\u2010related diseases, most notably the neurodegenerative diseases of stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Studies in cell and animal models strongly suggest that PBN has potent antiaging activity. A novel nitrone, CPI\u20101429, has been shown to extend the life span of mice when administration was started in older animals. It has also shown efficacy in the prevention of memory dysfunction associated with normal aging in a mouse model. Mechanistic studies have shown that the neuroprotective activity of nitrones is not due to mass\u2010action free radical\u2010trapping activity, but due to cessation of enhanced signal transduction processes associated with neuroinflammatory processes known to be enhanced in several neurodegenerative conditions. Enhanced neuroinflammatory processes produce higher levels of neurotoxins, which cause death or dysfunction of neurons. Therefore, quelling of these processes is considered to have a beneficial effect allowing proper neuronal functioning. The possible antiaging activity of nitrones may reside in their ability to quell enhanced production of reactive oxygen species associated with age\u2010related conditions. On the basis of novel ideas about the action of secretory products formed by senescent cells on bystander cells, it is postulated that nitrones will mitigate these processes and that this may be the mechanism of their antiaging activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02103.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,21]],"date-time":"2010-07-21T01:24:32Z","timestamp":1279675472000},"page":"321-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Nitrones as Neuroprotectants and Antiaging Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"959","author":[{"given":"ROBERT A.","family":"FLOYD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KENNETH","family":"HENSLEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MICHAEL J.","family":"FORSTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JUDITH A.","family":"KELLEHER\u2010ANDERSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PAUL L.","family":"WOOD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo01361a610"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01044a028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(75)90118-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715768609080971"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.4.9.2189775"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.62.792"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.1889"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12417-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00293-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Floyd R.A. & K. Hensley. 2000. Nitrone inhibition of age\u2010associated oxidative damage.InReactive Oxygen Species: From Radiation to Molecular Biology. C.C. Chiueh Ed.:899:222\u2010237. Annals of the NewYork Academy of Sciences. New York.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(08)60991-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","unstructured":"Hensley K. L. Maidt C.A. Stewart et al.1999. Mitochondrial alteration in aging and inflammation: a possible site of action of nitrone\u2010based free radical traps.InUnderstanding the Process of Aging: The Roles of Mitochondria Free Radicals and Antioxidants. E. Cadenas & L. Packer Eds.: 311\u2010325. Marcel Dekker. New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hensley K. J.M. Carney C.A.Stewart et al.1996. Nitrone\u2010based free radical traps as neuroprotective agents in cerebral ischemia and other pathologies.InNeuroprotective Agents and Cerebral Ischaemia. A. R. Green & A. J. Cross Eds.: 299\u2010317. Academic Press. London.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)60725-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.9.3633"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769009145690"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(93)90021-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90093-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769109049138"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1994.tb09816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","unstructured":"Janzen E.G. M.S. West & J.L. Poyer. 1994. Comparison of antioxidant activity of PBN with hindered phenols in initiated rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation.InFrontiers of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Medicine. K. Asada & T. Toshikawa Eds.: 431\u2010446. Elsevier Science. Amsterdam and New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-23-09157.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1995.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.8.1373"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","first-page":"R286","article-title":"Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase ameliorates cerebral ischemic damage","volume":"268","author":"Iadecola C.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1178"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990315)55:6<724::AID-JNR7>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","first-page":"337","article-title":"Evidence for enhanced neuro\u2010inflammatory processes in neurodegenerative diseases and the action of nitrones as potential therapeutics","volume":"60","author":"Floyd R. A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neural. Trans."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199907000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.1.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.10.4337"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.10.6741"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00207-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","unstructured":"Forster M. J. Y. Wang L. Nguyen & J. Kelleher\u2010Anderson. 1999. Anti\u2010aging actions of novel nitrones [abstract]. American Aging Association (AGE) 28th Annual Meeting. Abstract 60 p. 36."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Floyd R.A. K. Hensley M.J. Forster et al.2001. Nitrones their value as therapeutics and probes to understand aging. Mech. Ageing Devel. In press.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00385-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-199208000-00010"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2002.tb02103.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2002.tb02103.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02103.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T16:08:46Z","timestamp":1696694926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02103.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02103.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02103.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}}}