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The molecular properties of rat and human brain recombinant \u03bc\u2010\u03b4 receptor were compared with those of purified \u03bc\u2010 and \u03b4\u2010receptors. cDNA coding the unique fragment of recombinant \u03bc\u2010\u03b4 receptor was isolated and sequenced. We hypothesized that recombinant \u03bc\u2010\u03b4 receptor may be a hallmark of opiate abuse. Peptide fragments of the \u03bc\u2010 (MOR), \u03b4\u2010 (DOR), and recombinant \u03bc\u2010\u03b4\u2010 (MDOR) receptors were used as antigens to assess the presence of autoantibodies in the blood of rats that self\u2010administered heroin and cocaine, as well as drug abusers. Significant steady elevation of MDOR autoantibodies were measured in sera of rats that self\u2010administered heroin compared to that for cocaine and vehicle animals. 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