{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:26:53Z","timestamp":1790882813061,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,24]],"date-time":"2006-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1211,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>: <\/jats:bold> The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> culture of <jats:italic>Cowdria ruminantium<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of heartwater in domestic ruminants, was first achieved in 1985. Culture media were usually supplemented with serum and tryptose phosphate broth, both undefined components, contributing to great variability. Recently, we reported about the propagation of stocks of <jats:italic>C. ruminantium<\/jats:italic> in a protein\u2010free culture medium referred to as SFMC\u201023, which is chemically fully defined. To clarify whether the amino acid composition in SFMC\u201023 is adequate for the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> propagation of <jats:italic>Cowdria<\/jats:italic>, the Welgevonden stock was propagated in SFMC\u201023 medium. After a 3\u2010day culture period, samples were taken from uninfected and infected bovine endothelial cell cultures. They were analyzed for free amino acids by the Pico Taq reversed\u2010phase HPLC precolumn derivatization method. Eighteen different amino acids were examined. A considerable decrease in concentration was observed with proline (29%) and glutamine (62%). Further dramatic changes were observed with amino acids which accumulated in the culture medium: aspartic acid, serine, asparagine, tryptophane, glycine, and alanine. The concentration of alanine increased by approximately 660%. The concentrations of all other amino acids analyzed remained within a 25% range, either increasing or decreasing. These results suggest that only glutamine may run short during <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cultivation. It seems more likely that accumulation of various amino acids may impact negatively on long\u2010term <jats:italic>Cowdria<\/jats:italic> propagation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04366.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T18:41:49Z","timestamp":1247164909000},"page":"141-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Amino Acid Content of Cell Cultures Infected with <i>Cowdria ruminantium<\/i> Propagated in a Protein\u2010free Medium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"969","author":[{"given":"A. I.","family":"JOSEMANS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"ZWEYGARTH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"427","article-title":"Heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection): current status","volume":"27","author":"Uilenberg G.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Existence de la cowdriose (heartwater) \u00e0Cowdria ruminantium chez les ruminants des Antilles fran\u00e7aises (La Guadeloupe) et des Mascareignes (La Reunion et \u00eele Maurice)","volume":"33","author":"Perreau P.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Rev. Elev. M\u00e9d. V\u00e9t. 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Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cultivation of Cowdria ruminantium in bovine vascular endothelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Yunker C.E.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Kenya Vet."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.60.1.149-152.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(97)90011-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)85133-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3373.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53508.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.12.3167-3172.1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02634026"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2002.tb04366.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04366.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T00:03:46Z","timestamp":1695686626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04366.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04366.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04366.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}}}