{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T03:22:57Z","timestamp":1762744977093},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,24]],"date-time":"2006-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1180,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>: <\/jats:bold> Cholinergic deficits are clinicopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (DAT) and during the past decade have been the sole target for clinically effective treatments. By contrast, vascular dementia subtypes (VaD) are heterogeneous clinical syndromes, and therapeutic approaches have been directed toward control of vascular risk factors. Little attention has been paid to cholinergic deficits as a mechanism contributing to cognitive impairments in VaD as a potential target for treatment. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there are therapeutic benefits from long\u2010term treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors among VaD patients. Ten VaD patients were diagnosed according to DSM\u2010III\u2010R and NINDS\u2010AIREN criteria and classified into subtypes by neuroimaging. All were treated with titrated doses of donepezil for a mean interval of 15 months. At baseline and follow\u2010up clinic visits, patients underwent medical and neurological examinations, as well as neuropsychological testing including Mini\u2010Mental Status Examinations (MMSE) and Cognitive Capacity Screening Examinations (CCSE). Cognitive statuses of 10 treated patients were then compared before and after treatment. Net changes were expressed as annual MMSE score changes (\u0394MMSE\/year) and annual CCSE score changes (\u0394CCSE\/year). Of the 10 treated VaD patients, cognitive improvements were found when comparisons were made before and after treatment. Ten treated patients also showed greater cognitive improvements, while untreated patients showed continued cognitive decline. This study suggests that cholinergic deficits in VaD are due to neuronal ischemic damage with loss of acetylcholine and that treatment of VaD with cholinesterase inhibitors is a rational therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04854.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T19:51:19Z","timestamp":1247169079000},"page":"482-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Donepezil Treatment of Vascular Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"977","author":[{"given":"JOHN STIRLING","family":"MEYER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MUNIR H.","family":"CHOWDHURY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GELIN","family":"XU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YAN\u2010SHENG","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MINH","family":"QUACH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","first-page":"296","article-title":"Vascular dementia: a construct in evolution","volume":"8","author":"Desmond D.W.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_2","unstructured":"Henderson A.S. 1994. Dementia. World Health Organization. Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.2.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199912)14:12<1050::AID-GPS56>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_2","unstructured":"Lechner H. 2001. Risk factors.InVascular Dementia. Futura Pub. Armonk NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.5.1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.11.931"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530020025010","article-title":"Frontal systems impairment following multiple lacunar infarcts","volume":"47","author":"Wolfe N.","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.408"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200009)48:3<275::AID-ANA1>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330603"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540340047031","article-title":"Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease","volume":"277","author":"Snowden D.A.","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000017215"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.63.6.749"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.10.1460"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(77)90073-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03807.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199912003-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199912003-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-3057(10)80055-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb06015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05497.x"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.2002.tb04854.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04854.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T08:24:41Z","timestamp":1695630281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04854.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04854.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04854.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}