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In the heart, multiple PI3K isoforms are expressed, but play potentially distinct roles. Among cardiac PI3Ks, PI3K\u03b1 is triggered by tyrosine kinase receptors and plays a role in adaptive hypertrophy, while PI3K\u03b3 is triggered by G protein\u2013coupled receptors and is involved in maladaptive heart remodeling. This view has been recently complicated by the finding that PI3Ks can also be involved in protein\u2013protein interactions and affect signaling independently of their kinase activity. This review will thus focus on the effects of these multiple signaling events, with particular emphasis on their involvement in cardiac hypertrophy and failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05081.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]],"date-time":"2010-02-23T17:14:13Z","timestamp":1266945253000},"page":"39-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["PI3K kinase and scaffold functions in heart"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1188","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Damilano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Perino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.70.1.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2006.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2003.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3240489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1934654100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00969-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.172376399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200347200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.8.2799-2809.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305909200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000223321.34482.8c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606663104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.156422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.124891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00526.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2008.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.CRJ06001X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","first-page":"3219","article-title":"beta3\u2010adrenergic receptor activation increases human atrial tissue contractility and stimulates the L\u2010type Ca2+ current","volume":"118","author":"Skeberdis V.A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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