{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:17:24Z","timestamp":1792117044565,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Haemophilus ducreyi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella (Calymmatobacterium) granulomatis<\/jats:italic> are sexually transmitted bacteria that cause characteristic, persisting ulceration on external genitals called chancroid and granuloma inguinale, respectively. Those ulcers are endemic in developing countries or exist, as does granuloma inguinale, only in some geographic \u201chot spots.\u201d<jats:italic>H. ducreyi<\/jats:italic> is placed in the genus <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic> (family Pasteurellacae); however, this phylogenetic position is not obvious. The multiple ways in which the bacterium may be adapted to its econiche through specialized nutrient acquisitions; defenses against the immune system; and virulence factors that increase attachment, fitness, and persistence within genital tissue are discussed below. The analysis of <jats:italic>K. granulomatis<\/jats:italic> phylogeny demonstrated a high degree of identity with other <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> species, and the name <jats:italic>K. granulomatis<\/jats:italic> comb. nov. was proposed. Because of the difficulty in growing this bacterium on artificial media, its characteristics have not been sufficiently defined. More studies are needed to understand bacterial genetics related to the pathogenesis and evolution of <jats:italic>K. granulomatis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06193.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]],"date-time":"2011-10-05T00:44:33Z","timestamp":1317775473000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["On the evolution of the sexually transmitted bacteria <i>Haemophilus ducreyi<\/i> and <i>Klebsiella granulomatis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1230","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Lagerg\u00e5rd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"B\u00f6lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012677530-3\/50305-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.3.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/586901"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-93-1-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-9-2599"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00675-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-6-82"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.03018-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.2.1143-1146.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001284"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.132-137.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0340025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5887-5892.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.8.3151-3158.1997","article-title":"Structurally defined epitopes of Haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharides recognized by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"65","author":"Ahmed H.J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. 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