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This restricts the distribution of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes, the vectors of malaria, filariasis, and O'nyong'nyong fever. The development and survival of larval and adult mosquitoes are temperature dependent, as are mosquito biting frequency and pathogen development rate. Given that various <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> species are adapted to different climatic conditions, changes in climate could lead to changes in species composition in an area that may change the dynamics of mosquito\u2010borne disease transmission. It is important to consider the effect of climate change on rainfall, which is critical to the formation and persistence of mosquito breeding sites. In addition, environmental changes such as deforestation could increase local temperatures in the highlands; this could enhance the vectorial capacity of the <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>. These experimental data will be invaluable in facilitating the understanding of the impact of climate change on <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06432.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T00:46:46Z","timestamp":1328834806000},"page":"204-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["The ecology of <i>Anopheles<\/i> mosquitoes under climate change: case studies from the effects of deforestation in East African highlands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1249","author":[{"given":"Yaw A.","family":"Afrane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Githeko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","volume-title":"Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability","author":"IPCC.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.660","article-title":"Life\u2010table analysis of Anopheles arabiensis in western Kenya highlands: effects of land covers on larval and adult survivorship","volume":"7","author":"Afrane Y.A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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