{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:13:50Z","timestamp":1793726030440,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,17]],"date-time":"2012-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a transcription factor necessary for the function of regulatory T cells (T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells). T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells maintain immune homeostasis and self\u2010tolerance and play an important role in the prevention of autoimmune disease. Here, we discuss the role of T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) and review evidence indicating that a significant defect in T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    suppressive function exists in MG patients, without an alteration in circulating frequency. This functional defect is associated with a reduced expression of key functional molecules, such as FOXP3 on isolated T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells, and appears to be more pronounced in immunosuppression\u2010naive MG patients.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    administration of granulocyte macrophage\u2013colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF) enhanced the suppressive function of T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells and upregulated FOXP3 expression. These findings indicate a clinically relevant T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell\u2013intrinsic defect in immune regulation in MG that may reveal a novel therapeutic target.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06840.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,18]],"date-time":"2012-12-18T14:02:49Z","timestamp":1355839369000},"page":"68-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Functional defect in regulatory T cells in myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1274","author":[{"given":"Muthusamy","family":"Thiruppathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Rowin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Li Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian Rong","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bellur S.","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew N.","family":"Meriggioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70063-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.1.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00415-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318260cbd0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036603"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.19.7792"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.4.1045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Cellular immune response to acetylcholine receptor rich\u2010fraction, in patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"19","author":"Abramsky O.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin. 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