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However, because of poor socio\u2010economic conditions in the former areas, preventing the implementation of appropriate prophylactic and therapeutic measures, the incidence and course of these diseases may vary.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this paper the neuropathological appearances of the main bacterial diseases are reviewed and the main differences between those occurring in developed and developing countries emphasized.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Despite great efforts by governments and communities, tuberculosis still remains a scourge in many countries and leprosy has not been eradicated from earth. Earlier optimism that antibiotics could finally put an end to syphilis have been dashed and the disease still persists. 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