{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:23:22Z","timestamp":1790519002077,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,27]],"date-time":"2011-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study considers a laboratory examination of the antioxidant performance of methanolic extracts from the leaves and stems of 3 common wild grapes (\n                    <jats:italic>Vitis thunbergii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>V. flexuosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>V. kelungeusis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) by various\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002methods. It also seeks to identify the specific antioxidant constituent. Results revealed that, of these specimens, stem extracts of\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>V. thunbergii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002exhibited good 1,1\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010picrylhydrazyl radical\u2010scavenging and superoxide radical\u2010scavenging performance and ferrous ion\u2010chelating ability, as well as the highest total phenolic content (179.5 mg of GAE\/g). The principal antioxidant, (+)\u2010lyoniresinol\u20102a\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010\u03b2\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010glucopyranoside, was isolated from the stem extracts of\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>V. thunbergii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002and identified. Removal of this compound from the extracts caused an approximate 2\u2010 to 5\u2010fold decrease in antioxidant performance. This showed that (+)\u2010lyoniresinol\u20102a\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010\u03b2\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010glucopyranoside is the primary antioxidant in wild grapes. Results also indicated that the antioxidant performance of (+)\u2010lyoniresinol\u20102a\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010\u03b2\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010glucopyranoside was stronger than its lignan aglycone, (+)\u2010lyoniresinol.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Practical Application:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Of the 3 common wild grapes\u2015\n                    <jats:italic>Vitis thunbergii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>V. flexuosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>V. kelungeusis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the extracts or phytochemicals, derived from the\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>V. thunbergii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002stems have excellent antioxidant properties, so they have great potential as a basis for natural health products that seek to prevent diseases caused by the overproduction of radicals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02178.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,27]],"date-time":"2011-04-27T14:51:26Z","timestamp":1303915886000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparison and Characterization of the Antioxidant Potential of 3 Wild Grapes\u2015\n                    <i>Vitis thunbergii<\/i>\n                    ,\u2002\n                    <i>V. flexuosa<\/i>\n                    , and\u2002\n                    <i>V. kelungeusis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010Tang","family":"Tung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2010Chung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang\u2010Tse","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Long","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung\u2010Lin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke\u2010Chang","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyh\u2010Horng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0100907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00009a002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50066a025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1994.1485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00096-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The mechanism of antioxidant action\u2002in vitro. 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