{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:00:10Z","timestamp":1791036010349,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,5]],"date-time":"2011-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Powdered infant formula has previously been linked to the transmission of various bacterial pathogens in infants resulting in life\u2010threatening disease and death. Survival studies of 2 common foodborne pathogens,\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002serovar Typhi and\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in powdered infant formula have not been previously studied despite the potentially devastating consequences from ingestion of these organisms, particularly by newborns, in case of a natural or deliberate contamination event. Therefore, to better predict the risk of\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhi and\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002infection from consumption of infant formula, the present study was undertaken to determine survival of these microorganisms in dry infant formula under varying atmospheric conditions. A 2\u2010strain cocktail of\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhi and a 3\u2010strain cocktail of\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002were stored for up to 12 wk in dehydrated infant formula in an ambient air or nitrogen atmosphere. Viable counts of\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002Typhi at 12 wk in infant formula revealed a 2.9\u2010 and 1.69\u2010log decrease in ambient air and nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. Viable counts of\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002at 12 wk in infant formula revealed a 0.81\u2010 and 0.42\u2010log decrease in ambient air and nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. These results show that\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002Typhi and\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002can remain viable for prolonged periods of time in powdered infant formula, and the presence of nitrogen enhances survival.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Practical Application:\u2002\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our goal in this work was to study the survival of\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002Typhi and\u2002\n                    <jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2002in dehydrated storage conditions in infant formula. This interest is partially generated by the possibility of using these 2 microorganisms to deliberately contaminate the food supply. The outcome of this study will help us to have a better idea how to respond and react to the risk of deliberate food contamination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02268.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,5]],"date-time":"2011-08-05T14:13:19Z","timestamp":1312553599000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Survival of\u2002\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    \u2002Typhi and\u2002\n                    <i>Shigella dysenteriae<\/i>\n                    \u2002in Dehydrated Infant Formula"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"James B.","family":"Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devang","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nusrat","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Yun D.","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Errol A.","family":"Strain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Blodgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufian F.","family":"Al\u2010Khaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"418","article-title":"The viability of some\u2002Salmonella\u2002strains and their pH values in Egyptian yoghurt during different storage temperatures","volume":"26","author":"Ahmed N","year":"1971","journal-title":"Milchwissenschaft"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2002.01714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/fmic.2002.0496"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.9.2111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.5.1228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2007.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01730-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2000.tb15973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Public health dispatch: outbreak of\u2002Shigella sonnei\u2002infections associated with eating a nationally distributed dip\u2014California, Oregon, and Washington, January 2000","volume":"49","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections associated with eating fresh parsley\u2014United Stated and Canada, July\u2010August 1999","volume":"48","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02277062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01875759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.6.1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.9.1900"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014504305666"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2164(08)70506-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197009242831306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.2.652-654.1993","article-title":"Growth and survival of\u2002Shigella flexneri\u2002in common Bangladeshi foods under various conditions of time and temperature","volume":"59","author":"Islam MS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Survival of\u2002Shigella dysenteriae\u2002type 1 on fomites","volume":"19","author":"Islam MS","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381580"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02769-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Global burden of\u2002Shigella\u2002infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies","volume":"77","author":"Kotloff KL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)31411-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0008734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.6.1194-1197.1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1128\/am.26.2.206-210.1973","article-title":"Effects of various gases on the survival of dried bacteria during storage","volume":"26","author":"Marshall BJ","year":"1973","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.6.633"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Outbreak of domestically acquired typhoid fever in Leipzig, Germany, June 2004","author":"Muehlen M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"The effect of salting rate and initial count of\u2002Salmonella typhi\u2002in Domiati cheese\u2010milk on its longevity during pickling","volume":"30","author":"Naguib MM","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Lebensmittelhyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.52.5.565-573.1946","article-title":"Factors affecting the viability of\u2002Serratia marcescens\u2002during dehydration and storage","volume":"52","author":"Naylor HB","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Survival of\u2002Salmonella\u2002typhi in oysters","volume":"172","author":"Nishio T","year":"1981","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(89)90006-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-004-0021-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960000300"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-3-1-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198907273210404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029909004026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/14.1.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1992.tb04966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09001-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"The drying of bacteria and the viability of dry bacterial cells","volume":"21","author":"Stark CN","year":"1931","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Typhoid outbreak associated with consumption of raw shellfish\u2013Ontario","volume":"20","author":"Styliads S","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002217240005316X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550050051033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.10.934"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.782","article-title":"Survival and growth of\u2002Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica\u2002serovar Enteritidis and\u2002Vibrio cholerae\u2002O1 in reconstituted infant formula","volume":"66","author":"Wu FM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.06.003"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"E051201.3","article-title":"Shigella sonnei\u2002outbreak due to consumption of unpasteurized milk curds in Vilnius, Lithuania, 2004","volume":"10","author":"Zagrebneviene G","year":"2005","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"}],"container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1750-3841.2011.02268.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02268.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:50:11Z","timestamp":1762181411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02268.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02268.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02268.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1147","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-3841","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}}}