{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T22:45:20Z","timestamp":1753051520368},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2003<\/jats:bold> To establish the range and cost of losses in Merino flocks in southern New South Wales during drought conditions by determining the cause of death, morbidity or wasting in adult sheep.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design and population\u2003<\/jats:bold> Pathological studies were performed on 392 dead or moribund adult sheep from 12 Ovine Johne's disease (OJD)\u2010infected flocks during 2002 and a further 58 sheep culled due to wasting from one of these flocks in 2003. Flocks ranged between 3,500 and 20,000 sheep.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method\u2003<\/jats:bold> The most likely cause of death, morbidity or wasting was determined following consideration of the environment in which the animal was found, clinical and gross pathological findings, plus histopathology of tissues collected during necropsy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold> A most likely cause of death, morbidity or wasting was determined for 362 sheep in 2002 and 58 sheep in 2003. OJD contributed to the death of 250 sheep in 2002, and wasting of 48 sheep in 2003. Of the sheep that died or were euthanased due to other causes, malnutrition was a contributing factor in the death of 70 sheep (63%) in 2002 and 2 sheep (20%) in 2003. Losses were not evenly distributed across flocks, with 57% of mortalities caused by malnutrition in 2002 occurring in one flock. Malnutrition accounted for 18% of the annual cost of all deaths among adult sheep in 2002 with an average cost of $16,882 per farm. Losses not attributed to malnutrition included a range of infectious and non\u2010infectious disorders. These included balanoposthitis, clostridial enterotoxaemia, cutaneous myiasis, endoparasitism, enteritis, intestinal adenocarcinoma, misadventure, peritonitis, periparturient death of ewes, photosensitisation, pneumonia, post\u2010shearing stress and squamous cell carcinoma of the perineum.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:bold> Almost one third of mortalities in OJD\u2010infected flocks during drought were unrelated to OJD and could be reduced by improving nutritional and disease management practices. The importance of close supervision of the flock is highlighted so that early management intervention can be instituted, including the culling of cases of welfare concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.00002.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T12:48:57Z","timestamp":1152881337000},"page":"254-260","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The impact of malnutrition and other causes of losses of adult sheep in 12 flocks during drought"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"RD","family":"BUSH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u2010ALML","family":"TORIBIO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PA","family":"WINDSOR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"256","volume-title":"Australian sheep and wool handbook","author":"Cottle DJ","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1974.tb06867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1975.tb06931.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Observed levels of mortality in relation to lambing and early stages of growth in sheep in Australia","volume":"8","author":"Watson RH","year":"1972","journal-title":"World Rev Anim Prod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1987.tb09674.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9901155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1995.tb15332.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1986.tb02865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","article-title":"Reported levels of sheep mortalities in flocks infected with ovine Johne's disease in New South Wales","volume":"13","author":"Eppleston J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Asian-Aust J An Sc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","unstructured":"McGregorH WindsorPA AbbottKA BrittonA.A longitudinal study of OJD and the effects of whole flock vaccination with Gudair.Proc Aust Sheep Vet Soc Ann Conf Adelaide 2002;17\u201321."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BushRD WindsorPA ToribioJ\u2010ALML.Losses of adult sheep due to ovine Johne's disease in 12 infected flocks over a 3\u2010year period.Aust Vet J2006;84:246\u2013253.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.00001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","unstructured":"Bureau of Meteorology. 2002 Climate Averages.http:\/\/www.bom.gov.au. 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