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From February to July 2011, a volunteer sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a047) of older adults (\u226545\u00a0years) in Canberra, Australia, answered brief questions on time outdoors (weekdays and weekends) and natural skin color. They subsequently maintained a sun diary and wore an ultraviolet radiation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content>) digital dosimeter for 7\u00a0days. Melanin density was estimated using reflectance spectrophotometry; lifetime sun damage was assessed using silicone casts of the back of the hand; and serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D (25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D) concentration was assayed. Questionnaire\u2010reported time outdoors correlated significantly with diary\u2010recorded time outdoors (Spearman correlation <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.66; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.46, 0.80; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content> dosimeter dose (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s\u00a0<\/jats:sub>=\u00a00.46; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.18, 0.68; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.003), but not 25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D concentration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.24; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u22120.05, 0.50; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.10). Questionnaire\u2010reported untanned skin color correlated significantly with measured melanin density at the inner upper arm (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.49; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.24, 0.68; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). In a multiple linear regression model, statistically significant predictors of 25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D concentration were self\u2010reported frequency of physical activity, skin color and recent osteoporosis treatment (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.54). In this study, brief questionnaire items provided valid rankings of sun exposure and skin color, and enabled the development of a predictive model for 25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D concentration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2012.01221.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,14]],"date-time":"2012-08-14T15:25:47Z","timestamp":1344957947000},"page":"219-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Validation of Brief Questionnaire Measures of Sun Exposure and Skin Pigmentation Against Detailed and Objective Measures Including Vitamin <scp>D<\/scp> Status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Cargill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn M.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Gies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerryn","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin W.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Environmental Burden of Disease","author":"Lucas R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Cancer in Australia: An Overview, 2008. 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