{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:50:58Z","timestamp":1791435058374,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2433,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>: The purpose of this review, commissioned by the Administration for Children and Families, the Health Resources and Services Administration, the Health Care Financing Administration, and the Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service, was to update the evidence of the dietary factors that affect dental caries, and subsequently formulate dietary recommendations for preschool children based on principles of cariology. <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: Literature on the dental caries process, dietary factors affecting dental caries initiation and progression, and nutrition education and counseling were reviewed and synthesized. Dietary guidelines for children at various ages were then constructed based on the review. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Dental caries in preschool children is due to a combination of factors, including colonization of teeth with cariogenic bacteria, type of foods and frequency of exposure of these foods to the cariogenic bacteria, and susceptible teeth. Caries risk is greatest if sugars are consumed at high frequency and are in a form that is retained in the mouth for long periods. Sucrose is the most cariogenic sugar because it can form glucan that enables firm bacterial adhesion to teeth and limits diffusion of acid and buffers in the plaque. There is emerging interest in the effects of tooth development and its role in the future dental caries risk of the child. <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: Nutrition education and counseling for the purposes of reducing caries in children is aimed at teaching parents the importance of reducing high frequency exposures to obvious and hidden sugars. Guidelines include: avoiding frequent consumption of juice or other sugar\u2010containing drinks in the bottle or sippy cup, discouraging the behavior of a child sleeping with a bottle, promoting noncariogenic foods for snacks, fostering eating patterns consistent with the Food Guide Pyramid, limiting cariogenic foods to mealtimes, rapidly clearing cariogenic foods from the child's oral cavity either by toothbrushing or by consumption of protective foods, and restricting sugar\u2010containing snacks that are slowly eaten (e.g., candy, cough drops, lollipops, suckers). Along with nutritional factors, a comprehensive approach to preventing dental caries in preschool children must include improved general dietary habits, good oral hygiene, appropriate use of fluorides, and access to preventive and restorative dental care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03328.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T07:46:58Z","timestamp":1178005618000},"page":"197-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Dietary Determinants of Dental Caries and Dietary Recommendations for Preschool Children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Norman","family":"Tinanoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Textbook of cariology","author":"Larsen MJ","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1960.0138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.50.4.353-380.1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(75)90005-9","article-title":"The early establishment of Streptococcus mutans in the mouths of infants","volume":"20","author":"Berkowitz RJ","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Mutans streptococci levels in 8\u201315\u2010month\u2010old children","volume":"58","author":"Karn T","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(80)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1988.tb00598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Textbook of cariology","author":"Edwardsson S.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Contemporary oral microbiology and immunology","author":"Tanzer JM","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Prevention of oral disease","author":"Rugg\u2010Gunn AJ","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000259518"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016355308993925"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345880670111201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1980.0211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion 1999.http:\/\/www.usda.gov\/cnpp\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170200076012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Milk. is it related to rampant caries of the eary primary dentition","volume":"4","author":"Powell D.","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Social and biological factors contributing to caries of the maxillary anterior teeth","volume":"15","author":"O'Sullivan DM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.2.233","article-title":"Child\u2010rearing practices and nursing caries","volume":"92","author":"Swerint JR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb02092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Case report\u2014rampant caries in an infant related to prolonged on\u2010demand breast feeding and a lacto\u2010vegetarian diet","volume":"3","author":"Curzon MEJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Prolonged nursing habit a profile of patients and their families","volume":"47","author":"Dilley GJ","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"186","article-title":"At\u2010will breast feeding and dental caries: four case reports","volume":"44","author":"Gardner DE","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"192","article-title":"Breast feeding: a cause of dental caries in children","volume":"25","author":"Kotlow LA","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Characteristics and backgrounds of children with \u201cnursing caries.\u201d","volume":"4","author":"Johnsen DC","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Early childhood caries; overview and recent finding","volume":"19","author":"Tinanoff N","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb02102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"A textbook of preventive dentistry","author":"Schachetele CF","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1996.10720475"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","first-page":"S52","article-title":"Phosphoprotein inhibition of hydroxyapatite dissolution","volume":"34","author":"Reynolds EC","year":"1982","journal-title":"Calcif Tiss Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(66)90117-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Cheese and fermented milk food","author":"Kosikowski F.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(81)90042-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000261581"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Investigation of the role of human breast milk in caries development","volume":"21","author":"Erickson PR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000260263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01918.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357608997711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1975.tb03526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1975.tb00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1944.0267"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","first-page":"867","article-title":"Approaches to prevention","volume":"3","author":"Krasse B.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","first-page":"1099","volume-title":"Modern nutrition in health and disease","author":"DePaola DP","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"A comparative epidemiological study of the diet and dental caries in three isolated communities","volume":"4","author":"Davies GN","year":"1958","journal-title":"Ala Dent Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(66)90094-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb02090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345840630011401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Intra\u2010familial levels of Streptococcus mutans and some aspects of the bacterial transmission","volume":"86","author":"Kohler B","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(84)90086-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(83)90151-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000262394"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_2","first-page":"309","article-title":"Dental education of expectant parents","volume":"10","author":"Tsamtsouris A","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pedodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1985.0344"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.2.410S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MayRL GoodmanAH MeindlRS.Response of bone and enamel formation to nutritional supplementation and morbidity among malnourished Guatemalan children.Am J Phys Anthropol199392:37\u201351.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330920104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345920710051601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1995.tb02330.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"The dentifrice deception revisited","volume":"23","author":"Croll TP","year":"1992","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.1997.tb00452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1998.tb01357.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_2","first-page":"319","article-title":"Dental caries prevalence and treatment levels in Arizona preschool children","volume":"112","author":"Tang J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.5.952"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.2.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345960750111101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(95)00212-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008486-199103000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00214-2","article-title":"Oral health needs of persons with physical or mental disabilities","volume":"38","author":"Tesini DA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dent Clin Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1752-7325.2000.tb03328.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03328.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T16:01:17Z","timestamp":1698595277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03328.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03328.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03328.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4006","1752-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4006","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}