{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:06:52Z","timestamp":1792094812206,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,4]],"date-time":"2011-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract.<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Causes of low vision in the Netherlands may have changed over time. The purpose of this study is to assess trends over the last two decades.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Socio\u2010demographic and medical data, including ophthalmic diagnosis and inheritance patterns for 2843 children with low vision (0\u201321\u2003years; 50% representation) referred to a Dutch institute for low vision (Bartim\u00e9us) over a 21\u2010year period between 1988 and 2009, were included in the analysis. For the 19 most common diagnoses, inheritance and presence of mental impairment, trend analyses were performed with logistic regression models; odds ratios (OR) for a 10\u2010year time span were reported.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) was found in 27.2% (97% mental impairment), albinism in 8.0%. Over time, nystagmus (6.6%; OR\u2003=\u20031.42), retinitis pigmentosa (2.9%; OR\u2003=\u20031.61), cone\u2010rod dystrophy (2.6%; OR\u2003=\u20031.98) and hyperopia (2.0%; OR\u2003=\u20033.66) increased significantly. Cataract (4.9%; OR\u2003=\u20030.64), aniridia (1.6%; OR\u2003=\u20030.42) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP; 2.0%; OR\u2003=\u20030.45) decreased significantly. There was a significant increase in genetic disorders (41.0%; OR\u2003=\u20031.49) and in co\u2010occurrence of mental impairment (52.2% OR\u2003=\u20031.16).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In the last two decades, treatable or preventable disorders (such as cataract and ROP) have become a less common cause of low vision in children. However, the prevalence of complex (genetic) and untreatable disorders (CVI) has taken its place, as a result of increased survival of preterm and low birth weight children and improved diagnostic possibilities. Knowledge of the prevalence of low vision, its causes and trends over time may help policy makers to define effective intervention strategies and to monitor its impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2011.02205.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,4]],"date-time":"2011-08-04T16:18:41Z","timestamp":1312474721000},"page":"277-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Changes in causes of low vision between 1988 and 2009 in a Dutch population of children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Nienke","family":"Boonstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Limburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nel","family":"Tijmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"van Genderen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Schuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"van Nispen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318031b69a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00123.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.117416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199009000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Summit on cerebral\/cortical visual impairment","author":"Dutton GN","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Childhood blindness in the context of Vision 2020","volume":"79","author":"Gilbert C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"Childhood blindness: a new form for recording causes of visual loss in children","volume":"71","author":"Gilbert C","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.6.1.73.1571"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Epidemiology of eye disease","author":"Gilbert C","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.75.7.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.01-0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2000.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00134-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"458","article-title":"Changing pattern of childhood blindness","volume":"100","author":"Khan RI","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.01.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"LimburgH(2007):Epidemiologie van visuele beperkingen en een demografische verkenning. 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