{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:18:38Z","timestamp":1790039918336,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]],"date-time":"2012-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract.<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The aim of the study was to investigate prevalence of visual impairment in rural central India.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The population\u2010based Central India Eye and Medical Study included 4711 subjects with an age of 30+ years. Presenting visual acuity (PRVA) and best\u2010corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded. Visual impairment and blindness were defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard and United States (US) standard.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> On the basis of PRVA and using WHO and US standards, 1049 [22%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.1, 23.5] subjects and 1290 (27%; 95% CI: 26.1, 28.7) subjects, respectively, were visually impaired, and 35 (0.7%; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.0) subjects and 116 (2.5%; 95% CI: 2.0, 2.9) subjects, respectively, were blind. The corresponding age\u2010standardized prevalence figures were 17%, 21%, 0.5% and 2%, respectively. Using best\u2010correcting glasses could eliminate PRVA\u2010visual impairment\/blindness in 729 subjects (67% of all subjects with visual impairment\/blindness). On the basis of BCVA and using WHO and US standards, 333 (7%; 95% CI: 6.3, 7.8) subjects and 473 (10%; 95% CI: 9.2, 10.9) subjects, respectively, had visual impairment, and 22 (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.7) and 31 (0.7%; 95% CI: 0.4, 0.9) subjects, respectively, were blind. Corresponding age\u2010standardized prevalence figures were 5%, 8%, 0.4% and 0.5%, respectively. Causes for BCVA\u2010visual impairment\/blindness were cataract (75%), postoperative posterior capsular opacification (4%), surgical complications (2%), corneal opacifications (2%), age\u2010related macular degeneration (2%), other macular diseases (1%), and glaucoma (1%).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Age\u2010standardized prevalence of PRVA\u2010visual impairment\/blindness (WHO definition) in the adult population of rural central India was 17%. Most frequent cause was undercorrected refractive error. Supply of correct glasses is the most efficient way to improve vision in the rural central India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02447.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]],"date-time":"2012-06-08T12:51:55Z","timestamp":1339159915000},"page":"483-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Visual impairment and blindness in rural central India: the Central India Eye and Medical Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Vinay","family":"Nangia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jost B.","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshu","family":"Khare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00823-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90107-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","first-page":"908","article-title":"Blindness in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh","volume":"42","author":"Dandona L","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2009.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.12.1788"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2009.01768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00565-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.02.002"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1755-3768.2012.02447.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02447.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T05:35:12Z","timestamp":1696484112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02447.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02447.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02447.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-06-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}