{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:35:56Z","timestamp":1776706556685,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,28]],"date-time":"2012-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold> Safranal (2,6,6\u2010trimethyl\u20101,3\u2010cyclohexadiene\u20101\u2010carboxaldehyde, C<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>14<\/jats:sub>O) is an active ingredient in the saffron, which is used in traditional medicine. It has been reported to have sedative and anti\u2010epileptic effects, but its hypnotic effects remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of safranal on sleep\u2010wake cycle. <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We established hypnotic\u2010model mice treated with a low dose of pentobarbital 20 mg\/kg, and administered different doses of safranal, vehicle, or diazepam. The change of sleep\u2010wake cycle was assessed by sleep recording and c\u2010Fos expression in the brain was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Safranal increased the duration of non\u2010rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, shortened NREM sleep latency, and enhanced the delta power activity of NREM sleep. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed that safranal increased c\u2010Fos expression in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), one of the putative sleep centers, and decreased it in the arousal histaminergic tuberomammillary nuclei (TMN). <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> These findings indicate that safranal enhances NREM sleep in pentobarbital\u2010treated mice. The hypnotic effects of safranal may be related to the activation of the sleep\u2010promoting neurons in the VLPO and the simultaneous inhibition of the wakefulness\u2010promoting neurons in the TMN, suggesting that safranal may be a hypnotic substance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00334.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,28]],"date-time":"2012-05-28T06:55:17Z","timestamp":1338188117000},"page":"623-630","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Safranal Enhances Non\u2010Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Pentobarbital\u2010Treated Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2010Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian\u2010Ya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zong\u2010Yuan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Urade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Min","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.5.386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2005.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2597"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Advances in studies on neuropharmacology of Stigma Croci and its active constitutes","volume":"189","author":"Liu Z","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Barbiturate interactions with benzodiazepine\u2010GABA receptor\u2013ionophore complex","volume":"37","author":"Ticku MK","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1981.tb05284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","author":"Franklin K","year":"1997","journal-title":"The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600451103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.181330998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1819-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6730-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2010.00484.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","first-page":"192","article-title":"Potentiation of pentobarbitone sleeping time by chloroquine in the rat","volume":"243","author":"Ayitey Smith E","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0422-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","first-page":"155","article-title":"Quantified EEG analysis monitoring in a novel model of general anaesthesia in rats","volume":"11","author":"Bo P","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.10.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802611795347654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5246.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-10-03830.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1260.2011.00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2006.09.004"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1755-5949.2012.00334.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00334.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T03:08:14Z","timestamp":1698721694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00334.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00334.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00334.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,28]]}}}