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Although a direct causal relationship has not been clarified, a tentative pathophysiology has been suggested to interpret the relationship between two disorders. Androgen plays an important role in the maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of the lower urinary tract and penis. Low testosterone, especially free testosterone, worsened detrusor overactivity and replacement of testosterone improved LUTS in the hypogonadal BPH patients. Nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide are decreased in the transition zone of the hyperplastic prostate but phosphodiesterase types 4, 5, 11 are prominent in transition zone of hyperplastic prostate. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with a long half\u2010life could obtain the desired effect; therefore, tadalafil and undenafil frequently have been used to evaluate the effects in the two disorders. In clinical trials, tadalafil showed improvement of BPH\u2010induced LUTS, but few of the studies showed a significant improvement on uroflowmetry. PDE5 inhibitors increase the concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in plasma and smooth muscle, promoting erection of the penis, as well as relaxation of the bladder neck and prostate, leading to natural voiding. Sexual function and LUTS should be assessed and discussed with the patient when choosing the appropriate strategy and the patient's response to treatment should also be evaluated at the same time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-5672.2011.00121.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]],"date-time":"2012-03-19T06:53:02Z","timestamp":1332139982000},"page":"75-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor and Erectile Dysfunction in Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"ZHAO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong","family":"KWAN 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