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The interactions of\n                    <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    with eukaryotic hosts are governed by the Icm\/Dot type IV secretion system (T4SS) and more than 150 \u2018effector proteins\u2019, which subvert signal transduction pathways and promote the formation of the replication\u2010permissive \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010containing vacuole\u2019. The Icm\/Dot T4SS is essential to infect free\u2010living protozoa, such as the amoeba\n                    <jats:italic>Dictyostelium discoideum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as well as the nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or mammalian macrophages. To adapt to different niches,\n                    <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    not only responds to exogenous cues, but also to endogenous signals, such as the \u03b1\u2010hydroxyketone compound LAI\u20101 (\n                    <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                    autoinducer\u20101). The long\u2010term adaptation of\n                    <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. is based on extensive horizontal DNA transfer. In fact,\n                    <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. have acquired canonical \u2018genomic islands\u2019 of prokaryotic origin, but also a number of eukaryotic genes. Since many aspects of\n                    <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence against environmental predators and immune phagocytes are similar, an understanding of\n                    <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ecology provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of\n                    <jats:italic>legionellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    for humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2011.00247.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,21]],"date-time":"2011-03-21T23:51:07Z","timestamp":1300751467000},"page":"286-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["<i>Legionella<\/i>\n                    spp. outdoors: colonization, communication and 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