{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:47:54Z","timestamp":1792003674563,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]],"date-time":"2011-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ Microbiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n The genus\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n is arthropod\u2010borne infectious agents in vertebrates, and is classified into Lyme disease (LD)\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. and Relapsing fever (RF)\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. In addition to these\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n groups, we recently reported reptile\u2010associated (REP)\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. from reptiles and from hard\u2010bodied ticks, which probably transmitted the REP\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. In this study, we investigated the presence of REP\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n sp. in moulted ticks, and found that trans\u2010stadial transmission of REP\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n sp. occurred in the midgut, while it was observed that REP\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n sp. entered the salivary gland during blood\u2010feeding. This characteristic is also found in LD\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n spp., which are also transmitted by hard\u2010bodied ticks. Although phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that REP\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. are similar to RF\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n spp., the ecology of the spirochaetes within the vector ticks is different for REP\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. and RF\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. Elucidation of the evolutionary history of the genus\n Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n and its adaptation to ticks promises to be of great interest to researchers of vector\u2010borne microorganisms.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2011.00280.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T22:16:43Z","timestamp":1314829003000},"page":"632-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Characterization of reptile\u2010associated\n Borrelia<\/i>\n sp. in the vector tick,\n Amblyomma geoemydae<\/i>\n , and its association with Lyme disease and relapsing fever\n Borrelia<\/i>\n spp."],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ai","family":"Takano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruki","family":"Kadosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Konnai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruo","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816490.ch16"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.6165-6168.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1996.0382"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.12.010167.002023"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602760260724"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996325.0091"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025389914156"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408536102"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1990652089","article-title":"Development of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ricinus females during blood feeding","volume":"65","author":"Gern L.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26464-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","unstructured":"Keegan H.L. andToshioka S.(1957)Ixodid ticks of Japan Korea and the Ryukyu Islands. 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Tipton V.J. Keegan H.L. andToshioka S.(1971)Ticks of Japan Korea and the Ryukyu Islands. 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