{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T05:14:56Z","timestamp":1772601296124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]],"date-time":"2012-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ Microbiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We report the autochthonous existence of\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in coastal waters of Iceland, a geothermally active country where cholera is absent and has never been reported. Seawater, mussel and macroalgae samples were collected close to, and distant from, sites where geothermal activity causes a significant increase in water temperature during low tides.\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected only at geothermal\u2010influenced sites during low\u2010tides. None of the\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates encoded cholera toxin (\n                    <jats:italic>ctxAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and all were non\u2010O1\/non\u2010O139 serogroups. However, all isolates encoded other virulence factors that are associated with cholera as well as extra\u2010intestinal\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections. The virulence factors were functional at temperatures of coastal waters of Iceland, suggesting an ecological role. It is noteworthy that\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated from samples collected at sites distant from anthropogenic influence, supporting the conclusion that\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is autochthonous to the aquatic environment of Iceland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2012.00332.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]],"date-time":"2012-03-12T22:42:28Z","timestamp":1331592148000},"page":"381-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["<i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    in a historically cholera\u2010free country"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Bradd J.","family":"Haley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arlene","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Grim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia Municio","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Taviani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nur A.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sancomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wessam Mahmoud","family":"Elnemr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Huq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita R.","family":"Colwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Benediktsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00279-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2006.01150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.2.995-998.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"2202","article-title":"Identification of Vibrio cholerae based on genes coding for 16S\u201023S rRNA internal transcriber spacers","volume":"65","author":"Chun J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907787106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhg.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711535105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.2.472-478.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2009.0087"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","unstructured":"Gu\u00f0finnsson E.K.(2007)Address by the Icelandic Minister of Fisheries. 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