{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T20:01:37Z","timestamp":1787256097446,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]],"date-time":"2012-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of striated muscle tissue mediated by autoantibodies. MG is often treated with thymectomy. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non\u2010receptor 22 (PTPN22) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte\u2013associated antigen 4 (CTLA\u20104) have recently been found to be the genes that predispose to autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms of PTPN22 and CTLA\u20104 single nucleotide polymorphisms in resected thymomas and thymuses in MG remain unclear.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In the present study, 90 patients with thymomas, including 44 patients with MG, 46 patients without MG, and 35 MG patients without thymoma were studied, with 50 healthy people as the controls. The +1858C&gt;T polymorphism of the PTPN22 gene and the 49A&gt;G polymorphism of the CTLA\u20104 gene were investigated using polymerase chain reaction\u2010restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR\u2010RFLP). The PTPN22 \u22121123G&gt;C polymorphism at the promoter site was genotyped using single allele\u2010specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SASP\u2010PCR).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The PTPN22 +1858C&gt;T polymorphism was not significantly different between the patients and the controls. Statistically significant differences in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of PTPN 22 \u22121123G&gt;C and CTLA\u20104 49A&gt;G were observed between the MG(+)\u2010thymoma group and the controls (P = 0.000, 0.003), but not between the MG(\u2010)\u2010thymoma and MG\u2010thymoma(\u2010) groups and the controls (P = 0.192\/P = 0.214 and P = 0.067\/P = 0.254). Statistically significant differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies of the 49A&gt;G for CTLA\u20104 were observed between the MG(+)\u2010thymoma group and the controls (P = 0.000, P = 0.003), but not between the MG(\u2010)\u2010thymoma and MG\u2010thymoma(\u2010) groups and the controls (P = 0.077\/P = 0.261 and P = 0.058\/P = 0.058). Individuals with the PTPN22 CC genotype and the CTLA\u20104 G alleles had an increased risk of developing paraneoplastic MG (odds ration [OR]= 4.722, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.460\u201315.277) compared with those with the PTPN22 G allele and the CTLA\u20104 AA genotype.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The results show an association between the PTPN22 1123G&gt;C genotype and thymoma\u2010associated MG, with significant synergy with the CTLA\u20104 G alleles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1759-7714.2012.00121.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]],"date-time":"2012-02-09T20:55:55Z","timestamp":1328820955000},"page":"307-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["PTPN22 and CTLA\u20104 gene polymorphisms in resected thymomas and thymus for myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2009.64"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"327","article-title":"The relationship between myasthenia gravis and Thymus","volume":"14","author":"Liu AD","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Neuroimmunol 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