{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:18:36Z","timestamp":1793809116718,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]],"date-time":"2011-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Raccoons (\n                    <jats:italic>Procyon lotor<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are commonly implicated as carriers of many zoonotic pathogens. The purpose of this cross\u2010sectional study was to look for\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in opportunistically sampled, free\u2010ranging raccoons of Larimer Country, Colorado, USA. Sixty\u2010five animals were included in the study and testing consisted of gross post\u2010mortem examination, histopathology, and both immunohistochemistry and PCR for\n                    <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>F. tularensis.<\/jats:italic>\n                    No significant gross lesions were identified and the most common histological lesions were lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis and pulmonary silicosis; rare periportal hepatitis, splenic lymphoid hyperplasia and small pulmonary granulomas were also identified. Of 65 animals, 20 (30%) were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    on IHC but only one by PCR. Animals with inflammation in their kidneys were seven times more likely to be positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    than animals without inflammation. The severity of inflammation was variable but often mild with minimal associated renal pathology. One animal was positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Francisella<\/jats:italic>\n                    on both IHC and PCR; IHC staining was localized to histiocytic cells within a pulmonary granuloma. In Colorado the significance and epidemiology of\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    is poorly understood. The high prevalence of infection in raccoons in this study population suggests that this species may be important in the regional epidemiology or could be used to estimate risk to domestic animals and humans. Identification of a single\n                    <jats:italic>Francisella<\/jats:italic>\n                    positive animal is significant as this is an uncommon disease in terrestrial animals within the state; the apparently higher prevalence in this peridomestic species implies that raccoons may be good indicators of the pathogen in the region. The results of this study suggest that raccoons may serve as effective sentinels for both\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Francisella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the state of Colorado. Further studies are needed to better characterize the prevalence and epidemiology of both organisms within the region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01412.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]],"date-time":"2011-04-20T21:53:55Z","timestamp":1303336435000},"page":"29-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Leptospirosis and Tularaemia in Raccoons (\n                    <i>Procyon lotor<\/i>\n                    ) of Larimer Country, Colorado"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Krafsur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Podell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Baeten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"LeVan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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