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Three hundred rectal (cloacal) swabs of each animal species were examined. A total of 120 and 71 staphylococci and enterococci, respectively, with increased resistance to ERY were identified. These were most frequent in turkeys (42.3% of positive animals), followed by pigs and dairy cattle (6.7% and 6.0% of positive animals, respectively). Similarly, MLS<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\u2010resistant isolates colonized predominantly turkeys (29.7% of animals), while their occurrence in pigs and dairy cattle was only sporadic (0.8% of animals). At least one of the <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic> genes encoding for MLS<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> resistance was found in 56.7% and 69.0% of staphylococci and enterococci, respectively. The <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>(C) gene prevailed in staphylococci while the <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>(B) gene was predominant in enterococci. Macrolide efflux genes <jats:italic>msr<\/jats:italic>(A) and <jats:italic>msr<\/jats:italic>(C) were also frequent in staphylococci and enterococci, respectively. Macrolide inactivation gene <jats:italic>mph<\/jats:italic>(C) occurred mainly in staphylococci. In staphylococci, methicillin resistance was rarely detected (7.5% of isolates), but resistance to telithromycin (ketolides) was frequent in both staphylococci and enterococci (89.2% and 47.9% of isolates, respectively). This study showed that turkeys represent an important source of ERY (MLS<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>)\u2010resistant cocci. In addition, resistance to ketolides was also frequent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01434.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,16]],"date-time":"2011-08-16T13:40:37Z","timestamp":1313502037000},"page":"202-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Distribution, Characterization and Genetic Bases of Erythromycin Resistance in Staphylococci and Enterococci Originating from 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