{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:44:05Z","timestamp":1788446645391,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,28]],"date-time":"2011-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> is a major cause of nosocomial infections in humans and has been linked to severe extra\u2010intestinal infections in poultry. A zoonotic potential has been suggested and the aim of the present study was to investigate similarities in virulence gene profiles of <jats:italic>E.\u00a0faecalis<\/jats:italic> originating from infections in humans and poultry respectively. A total of 106 isolates of <jats:italic>E.\u00a0faecalis<\/jats:italic> [26 human clinical isolates, 60 poultry clinical isolates (including two small\u2010colony variants (SCVs) and 20 poultry cloacal isolates] were investigated for presence of seven virulence\u2010associated genes: <jats:italic>ace, asa1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cylA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>efaA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>EF0591<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>esp<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>gelE<\/jats:italic>. For each gene, the PCR\u2010amplification product was sequenced from one isolate in each group to explore intragenic variations between genes of human and poultry origin. Haemolytic and protease activities were assessed and isolates were assigned a sequence type (ST). Three of the seven genes investigated (<jats:italic>ace, efaA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>gelE<\/jats:italic>) were present in all isolates. The a<jats:italic>sa1<\/jats:italic> was detected in 63\/80 and 13\/26 isolates of poultry and human origin respectively. For <jats:italic>cylA<\/jats:italic>, the numbers were 46\/80 and 14\/26 respectively. Among poultry isolates, <jats:italic>esp<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>EF0591<\/jats:italic> were the least frequently observed genes (1\/80 and 20\/80 respectively); the prevalences among human isolates were 1\/26 and 18\/26 respectively. A high degree of similarity between genes in human and poultry isolates were confirmed by sequencing of amplification products. None of the <jats:italic>cylA\u2010<\/jats:italic>positive isolates demonstrated haemolytic activity, while the phenotypic expression of gelatinase varied. The ST16 was the only ST shared by human and poultry isolates. The SCV isolates did not show a unique virulence profile or phylogeny. In conclusion, regardless of the distinct phylogenetic background of most <jats:italic>E.\u00a0faecalis<\/jats:italic> isolates of human and poultry origin, we found major similarities in virulence gene profile and gene sequences in isolates from the two sources, supporting the zoonotic risk associated with this organism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01442.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,28]],"date-time":"2011-11-28T15:00:30Z","timestamp":1322492430000},"page":"256-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["<i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i> of Human and Poultry Origin Share Virulence Genes Supporting the Zoonotic Potential of <i>E.\u00a0faecalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"R. 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