{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:16:37Z","timestamp":1778278597729,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outbreaks of human salmonellosis associated with live poultry contact have been reported since 1955. Multiple <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> serotypes have been associated with these outbreaks, and specific outbreak strains have been repeatedly linked to single hatcheries over multiple years. During 2009, four multistate outbreaks of human <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infections associated with direct and indirect exposure to live poultry purchased from mail\u2010order hatcheries and agricultural feed stores were identified, resulting in 165 culture\u2010confirmed cases in 30 states. This report describes the epidemiologic, environmental and laboratory investigations conducted by state and local health departments, state departments of agriculture, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) and National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Case\u2010patients were identified through PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, and interviewed using the CDC standard live poultry contact questionnaire that asks about poultry\u2010related exposures during the 7\u2003days before illness onset. These outbreaks highlight the need to focus efforts on strategies to decrease and prevent human illness associated with live poultry contact through comprehensive interventions at the mail\u2010order hatchery, agricultural feed store and consumer levels. Additional consumer education and interventions at mail\u2010order hatcheries and venues where live poultry are sold, including agricultural feed stores, are necessary to prevent transmission of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> from poultry to humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01461.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T14:18:18Z","timestamp":1330438698000},"page":"347-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Four Multistate Outbreaks of Human <i>Salmonella<\/i> Infections Associated with Live Poultry Contact, United States, 2009"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Loharikar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Briere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Schwensohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Weninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Wagendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Scheftel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Villamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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