{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T15:48:26Z","timestamp":1778341706950,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]],"date-time":"2012-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current methods for vector\u2010borne disease surveillance are limited by time and cost. To avoid human infections from emerging zoonotic diseases, it is important that the United States develop cost\u2010effective surveillance systems for these diseases. This study examines the methodology used in the surveillance of a plague epizootic involving tree squirrels (<jats:italic>Sciurus niger<\/jats:italic>) in Denver Colorado, during the summer of 2007. A call\u2010in centre for the public to report dead squirrels was used to direct animal carcass sampling. Staff used these reports to collect squirrel carcasses for the analysis of <jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic> infection. This sampling protocol was analysed at the census tract level using Poisson regression to determine the relationship between higher call volumes in a census tract and the risk of a carcass in that tract testing positive for plague. Over\u2010sampling owing to call volume\u2010directed collection was accounted for by including the number of animals collected as the denominator in the model. The risk of finding an additional plague\u2010positive animal increased as the call volume per census tract increased. The risk in the census tracts with &gt;3 calls a month was significantly higher than that with three or less calls in a month. For tracts with 4\u20135 calls, the relative risk (RR) of an additional plague\u2010positive carcass was 10.08 (95% CI 5.46\u201318.61); for tracts with 6\u20138 calls, the RR\u2003=\u20035.20 (2.93\u20139.20); for tracts with 9\u201311 calls, the RR\u2003=\u200312.80 (5.85\u201328.03) and tracts with &gt;11 calls had RR\u2003=\u200335.41 (18.60\u201367.40). Overall, the call\u2010in centre directed sampling increased the probability of locating plague\u2010infected carcasses in the known Denver epizootic. Further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of this methodology at monitoring large\u2010scale zoonotic disease occurrence in the absence of a recognized epizootic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01476.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T01:15:30Z","timestamp":1332206130000},"page":"498-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of A Public Telephone Hotline to Detect Urban Plague Cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"J. A.","family":"Malberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lezotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.365","article-title":"Initiation and spread of traveling waves of plague, Yersinia pestis, in the Western United States","volume":"76","author":"Adjemian J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"406","volume-title":"Control of Communicable Diseases Manual","author":"Bertherat E.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological and chemical terrorism: strategic plan for bioterrorism preparedness and response","volume":"49","author":"Centers for Disease Control, Prevention","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. 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