{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T05:12:12Z","timestamp":1774501932645,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the study was to characterize the commercially available raw meat pet food diets in the Minneapolis\/St. Paul area by (i) determining the number and types of available diets; (ii) assessing pet food stores and brand labels for the provision of precautionary statements regarding the risk of foodborne illness from raw meat; (ii) assessing the labels for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\/American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) required content and nutrient\u2010related information; and (iv) culturing purchased diets for the presence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>. Sixty raw meat diets were purchased, representing 11 different brands from eight different stores. Diets were readily available in the form of raw\u2010frozen, dehydrated or freeze\u2010dried varieties from different protein sources, such as lamb, beef, chicken or duck. All stores promoted raw meat diets; however, none provided foodborne illness warnings. Brands varied greatly in their precautionary statements; none of the diets underwent feeding trials; and nutritional adequacy substantiation was through formulation only. The first five ingredients tended to consist of meat, organ meat (by\u2010products), vegetables, grains and ground bones. Currently, it is required that pet foods have an AAFCO nutritional adequacy statement and provide a guaranteed analysis table. Three brands did not meet these FDA requirements. Thirty\u2010one (51.7%) of the 60 raw meat diets underwent some degree of processing including dehydration, freeze\u2010drying or high\u2010pressure pasteurization. Four of the 60 raw diets (7%) tested positive for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>. Analysis of raw meat pet food labels indicated a lack of foodborne illness warnings. Based on these findings, we recommend that warning statements similar to those required by the United States Department of Agriculture and placed on labels of raw meat intended for human consumption be provided on the labels of raw meat pet food diets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01491.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T01:16:10Z","timestamp":1336007770000},"page":"513-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Availability, Brands, Labelling and <i>Salmonella<\/i> Contamination of Raw Pet Food in the Minneapolis\/St. Paul Area"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Mehlenbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Churchill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. E.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. B.","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"AAFCO 2008:Official Publication of Association of American Feed Control Officials."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"National Pet Owners Survey","author":"American Pet Products Association","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"The Complete Herbal Handbook for the Dog and Cat","author":"Ba\u00efracli\u2010Levy J. D.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"BARF World 2011:Healthy and natural raw food for dogs and cats. Available at:http:\/\/www.barfworld.com\/ (accessed on 29 April 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.9.2483-2488.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Consumer Reports 2010:How safe is that chicken?: Available at:http:\/\/www.consumerreports.org\/cro\/magazine\u2010archive\/2010\/January\/food\/chicken\u2010safety\/overview\/chicken\u2010safety\u2010ov.htm(accessed on 12 January 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act","author":"Food Drug Administration","year":"1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"Manufacture and Labeling of Raw Meat Foods for Companion and Captive Non\u2010companion Carnivores and Omnivores","author":"Food, Drug Administration Agency Center of Veterinary Medicine","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-69.4.957"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(98)00050-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Small Animal Clinical Nutrition","author":"Hand M. S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Small Animal Clinical Nutrition","author":"Hand M. S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Perceptions, practices, and consequences associated with foodborne pathogens and the feeding of raw meat to dogs","volume":"50","author":"Lenz J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2006.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.3.1038-1040.1994","article-title":"Occurrence of Shiga\u2010like toxin\u2010producing Escherichia coli in retail fresh seafood, beef, lamb, pork, and poultry from grocery stores in Seattle, Washington","volume":"60","author":"Samadpour M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.62.767"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.4.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service 2006:Fact sheet meat preparation: food safety of jerky. Available at:http:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/factsheets\/jerky_and_food_safety\/index.asp(accessed on 9 April 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service 2010:Progress report onsalmonellatesting of raw meat and poultry products 1998\u20132010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"887","article-title":"Survival of Salmonella Copenhagen in food bowls following contamination with experimentally inoculated raw meat: effects of time, cleaning, and disinfection","volume":"47","author":"Weese J. S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. Vet. 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