{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T13:57:46Z","timestamp":1791035866854,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]],"date-time":"2012-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most important tick\u2010transmitted arbovirus causing human disease in Europe, but information on its endemic occurrence varies between countries because of differences in surveillance systems. Objective data are necessary to ascertain the disease risk for vaccination recommendations and other public health interventions. In two independent, separately planned projects, we used real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR to detect TBE virus in questing ticks. In Poland, 32 sampling sites were selected in 10 administrative districts located in regions where sporadic TBE cases were reported. In Germany, 18 sampling sites were selected in two districts located in a region with high TBE incidence. Altogether, &gt;16\u2003000 ticks were tested by real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR, with no sample testing positive for TBEV. A systematic search for published studies on TBEV prevalence in ticks in Poland and Germany also suggested that testing large numbers of collected ticks could not consistently assure virus detection in known endemic foci. Although assignment of results to administrative regions is essential for TBE risk mapping, this was possible in only 10 (investigating 22\u2003417 ticks) of 15 published studies (&gt;50\u2003000 ticks) identified. We conclude that the collection and screening of ticks by real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR cannot be recommended for assessment of human TBE risk. Alternative methods of environmental TBEV monitoring should be considered, such as serological monitoring of rodents or other wildlife.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01517.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]],"date-time":"2012-07-06T09:52:12Z","timestamp":1341568332000},"page":"215-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Virus Detection in Questing Ticks is not a Sensitive Indicator for Risk Assessment of Tick\u2010Borne Encephalitis in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Stefanoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Hellenbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Rogalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"R\u00fche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mak\u00f3wka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Wodecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Rymaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kiewra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Baumann\u2010Popczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(99)80009-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2001:Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the guidelines working group. 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Spread of pathogens and risk of illness in a tick\u2010borne encephalitis region","volume":"120","author":"Holbach M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fortschr. Med. Orig."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02764.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Kondrusik M. I.Golovljova andJ.Zajkowska 2010:Genetic characterization of TBE virus obtained fromIxodes ricinusandDermacentor reticulatusticks. In: Proceedings of the International Conference EDEN 2010 \u201cEmerging Vector\u2010borne diseases in a changing environment\u201d Montpellier France pp.13\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Kubica\u2010Biernat B. S.Cieniuch J.Sta\u0144czak andW.Krumnis\u2010\u0141ozowska 2010:The occurrence of tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) inIxodes ricinusticks in north\u2010eastern Poland. Preliminary results. 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