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However, chemotherapy must be one of the important possibilities of multimodal treatment for advanced HCC, for which hepatic resection, percutaneous ablation, transcatheter arterial embolization and other general therapies would not be effective or even possible. Also, intra\u2010arterial perfusion chemotherapy is a common therapy for HCC and it is not difficult to maintain; but the effective rate is not sufficient. Recently, the combination therapy of s.c. interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b1 and intra\u2010arterial 5\u2010fluorouracil (5\u2010FU) showed an outstandingly effective rate for intractable HCC (with portal vein thrombosis). In addition,recent preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that the mechanism of combination therapy may concern direct antitumor effects (through cell\u2010cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis) and indirect actions (through immunocompetent cells and anti\u2010angiogenic effect). For the further advance of HCC treatment and prognosis, this therapy might be a promising treatment modality and is expected to develop. In this review, we summarize recent clinical and preclinical data regarding IFN\u2010\u03b1 and 5\u2010FU combination therapy and discuss the further prospects of this therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034x.2007.00191.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,19]],"date-time":"2007-09-19T04:22:51Z","timestamp":1190175771000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Combined intra\u2010arterial 5\u2010fluorouracil and subcutaneous interferon\u2010alpha therapy for highly advanced hepatocellular 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