{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T21:18:59Z","timestamp":1773955139037,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,19]],"date-time":"2008-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment reduces IgM serum levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) without affecting serum antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) titers. We previously reported that PBC\u2010associated hyper\u2010IgM is secondary to a disease\u2010specific hyperproduction following bacterial stimulation by B cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with PBC and controls and evaluated whether bacterial CpG challenge in the presence of UDCA at concentrations consistent with those achieved in treated patients led to changes in total IgM, IgG\u2010AMA, and IgM\u2010AMA production. Further, p65 phosphorylation and CD38 cell expression were analyzed as measures of activation of the NF\u2010kB signaling pathway and B cell subsets, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> UDCA significantly reduced CpG\u2010induced total IgM and IgM\u2010AMA production, but had no impact on IgG\u2010AMA production. UDCA also significantly reduced the activation ofna\u00efve and IgM memory, but not IgG memory, B cells, as represented by CD38 expression levels. Further, p65 phosphorylation was significantly reduced in the presence of UDCA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> UDCA reduces total and IgM\u2010AMA production in PBMC from patients with PBC by downregulating B cell activation and NF\u2010kB signaling. These data ultimately suggest novel mechanisms of action for UDCA in chronic autoimmune cholestasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034x.2008.00474.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,25]],"date-time":"2008-12-25T02:31:35Z","timestamp":1230172295000},"page":"448-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces CpG\u2010induced IgM production in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Hosoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Moritoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kajiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Hayami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Selmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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