{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:21:07Z","timestamp":1792290067624,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,23]],"date-time":"2010-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1279843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The Clinical Research Committee of the Japan Society for Portal Hypertension has conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey to clarify the current status of ectopic varices in Japan.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 173 cases of ectopic varices were collected.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Duodenal varices were found in 57 cases, and most of them were located in the descending to transverse parts. There were 11 cases of small intestinal varices and 6 cases of colonic varices, whereas 77 patients had rectal varices, accounting for the greatest proportion (44.5%). Other sites of varices were the biliary tract, anastomotic sites, the stoma, and the diaphragm. Liver cirrhosis was the most frequent diseases (80.3%) underlying ectopic varices. It was noted that patients with rectal varices frequently had a history of esophageal varices (94.8%) and received endoscopic treatment (87.0%). The treatments for ectopic varices were as an emergency in 46.5%, elective in 35.4% and prophylactic in 18.2%. In emergency cases, endoscopic therapy was most frequent (67.4%), followed by interventional radiology (IVR; 15.2%), and endoscopy\u2010IVR combination (6.5%). Elective treatment was performed by endoscopy in 34.3%, IVR in 28.6%, combined endoscopy\u2010IVR in 5.7%, and surgical operation in 25.7%. The prophylactic treatment was endoscopic in 50.0%, IVR in 33.3%, combined treatments in 11.1%, and prophylactic surgery in none. The change of ectopic varices after treatment was disappearance in 54.9%, remnant in 35.4% and recurrence in 9.7%. The rate of disappearance was significantly lower in rectal varices (40.8%) than in duodenal varices (73.4%). The patient outcome did not differ among the various sites of the lesion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conslusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Current status of ectopic varices in Japan has been clarified by a nationwide questionnaire survey. The authors expect that the pathophysiology of ectopic varices will be further elucidated, and that improved diagnostic modalities and treatment methods are established in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034x.2010.00690.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,23]],"date-time":"2010-07-23T05:57:42Z","timestamp":1279864662000},"page":"763-776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Current status of ectopic varices in Japan: Results of a survey by the Japan Society for Portal 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