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Recent researches have revealed sources of collagen\u2010producing cells other than hepatic stellate cells in the liver, and the involvement of the innate immune system and oxidative stress in the fibrotic process has attracted new attention. Together with these advancements in basic knowledge on the cellular and molecular biology of hepatic fibrosis, clinical researches have linked the clarification of the relationship between progression of the fibrosis stage and therapeutic efficacy for chronic viral hepatitis and non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis and validation of the regression of advanced fibrosis, even cirrhosis, of appropriate therapies using modern medicines. Furthermore, non\u2010invasive assessment of liver fibrosis using an ultrasound\u2010based modality has become a focus in the clinical diagnosis of liver fibrosis instead of liver biopsy. 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