{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T16:36:17Z","timestamp":1761323777292},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,26]],"date-time":"2011-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Genetic variants of the innate immune system contribute to episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with cirrhosis. We herein report the case of a patient with the homozygous nucleotide\u2010binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (<jats:italic>NOD2<\/jats:italic>) frame\u2010shift mutation 1007fs presenting with sepsis and community\u2010acquired SBP by <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. Secondary peritonitis, pancreatic ascites and malignant causes were excluded by extensive diagnostic work\u2010up. First\u2010line treatment with ceftriaxone was not successful despite <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> sensitivity of the isolated strain. Despite prolonged second\u2010line treatment with imipenem\/cilastatin and intermittent ascites drainage, the ascitic fluid neutrophil count remained markedly elevated in this patient. In the course of the disease the patient developed pneumonia with identification of the typical hyphae of mucormycosis in the bronchoalveolar lavage and died of sepsis with multi\u2010organ failure. On the basis of this observation, variants of the innate immunity have to be considered in therapy\u2010refractory SBP, even when they are community\u2010acquired and caused by cephalosporin\u2010sensitive Enterobacteriaceae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034x.2011.00850.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]],"date-time":"2011-09-27T22:13:41Z","timestamp":1317161621000},"page":"1009-1014","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Homozygous carrier of the <i>NOD2<\/i> 1007fs frame\u2010shift mutation presenting with refractory community\u2010acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and developing fatal pulmonary mucormycosis: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Tony","family":"Bruns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Prinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Stallmach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520150218110"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.558"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90185-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5558"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23440"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35079107"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21223"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20441"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50315"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08590-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30082"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597585"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0840-z","article-title":"Nosocomial and community\u2010acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: comparative microbiology and therapeutic implications","volume":"22","author":"Bert F","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050319"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908053410603"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(96)70069-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80221-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2757"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ArizaX CastelloteJ Lora\u2010TamayoJet\u2003al.Community\u2010acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: risk factors for resistant bacteria to third\u2010generation cephalosporins. 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