{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T01:31:28Z","timestamp":1768872688823,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"Aim<\/jats:title>To summarize the annual nationwide survey on fulminant hepatitis (FH<\/jats:styled-content>) and late\u2010onset hepatic failure (LOHF<\/jats:styled-content>) between 2004 and 2009 in J<\/jats:styled-content>apan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The annual survey was performed in a two\u2010step questionnaire process to detail the clinical profile and prognosis of patients in special hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Four hundred and sixty (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009227 acute type; n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009233 subacute type) patients had FH<\/jats:styled-content> and 28 patients had LOHF<\/jats:styled-content>. The mean age of patients with FH<\/jats:styled-content> and LOHF<\/jats:styled-content> were 51.1\u2009\u00b1\u200917.0 and 58.0\u2009\u00b1\u200914.4\u2009years, respectively. The causes of FH<\/jats:styled-content> were hepatitis A<\/jats:styled-content> virus in 3.0%, hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content> virus (HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) in 40.2%, other viruses in 2.0%, autoimmune hepatitis in 8.3%, drug allergy\u2010induced in 14.6% and indeterminate etiology in 29.6% of patients. HBV<\/jats:styled-content> reactivation due to immunosuppressive therapy was observed in 6.8% of FH<\/jats:styled-content> patients. The short\u2010term survival rates of patients without liver transplantation (LT<\/jats:styled-content>) were 48.7% and 24.2% for the acute and subacute type, respectively, and 13.0% for LOHF<\/jats:styled-content>. The prognosis was poor in patients with HBV<\/jats:styled-content> reactivation. The implementation rate for LT<\/jats:styled-content> in FH<\/jats:styled-content> patients was equivalent to that in the previous survey. The short\u2010term survival rates of total patients, including LT<\/jats:styled-content> patients, were 54.2% and 40.8% for the acute and subacute type, respectively, and 28.6% for LOHF<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The demographic features and etiology of FH<\/jats:styled-content> patients has gradually changed. HBV<\/jats:styled-content> reactivation due to immunosuppressive therapy is problematic. Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis of patients without LT<\/jats:styled-content> has not improved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034x.2012.01105.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]],"date-time":"2013-02-15T02:42:06Z","timestamp":1360896126000},"page":"97-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis and late\u2010onset hepatic failure in J<\/scp>apan: Summary of the annual nationwide survey between 2004 and 2009"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Oketani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Human and Environmental Sciences, Health Research Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Ido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Human and Environmental Sciences, Health Research Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saitama Medical University Moroyama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Takikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine Iwate Medical University Morioka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Naiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Ichida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Shizuoka Hospital Juntendo University Izunokuni Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Mochida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saitama Medical University Moroyama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saburo","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kochi Medical School Nankoku Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirohito","family":"Tsubouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Human and Environmental Sciences, Health Research Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Intractable Hepato\u2010Biliary Diseases Study Group of Japan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"The Proceedings of the 12th Inuyama Symposium","author":"Inuyama Symposium Kiroku Kanko\u2010kai","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1991.tb01458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060222"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2011.00860.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0624-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2004.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2008.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2012.00998.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.40.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"MoriM ItanaiF WashioS.Estimated number of patients with intractable liver diseases in Japan based on nationwide epidemiology surveillance.Annual Report of Epidemiology Research for Intractable Diseases in Japan the Ministry of Health Welfare and Labor (2005).2006:39\u201342. 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